EAGLE STAR INSURANCE COMPANY, APPELLANT,
v.
NANNETTE PARKER AND MELVIN PARKER, APPELLEES

Fla. 4th DCA | 1978-12-13
No. 77-73
ANSTEAD and LETTS, JJ., concur.
365 So. 2d 780 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (1978) Caution
Cited by 26 cases

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Holding

New York law applies to the uninsured motorist policy, derivative claims are covered under New York law, and arbitration costs are recoverable in Florida.


Headnotes

[1] When an insurance policy is purchased in New York, New York law applies to claims made under that policy, even if the accident occurred in Florida.

[2] New York law recognizes derivative claims in third-party actions under uninsured motorist policies.

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Facts & Procedural History

Appellants purchased an uninsured motorist policy in New York and were involved in an accident in Florida. The matter went to arbitration and then to …

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Opinion of the Court
POULTON, TIMOTHY P., Associate Judge.

POULTON, TIMOTHY P., Associate Judge.

At first blush, this is an innocuous little case. However, it becomes complicated as one tries to analyze it. Here is the history of the damages awarded and claimed:

Arbitration Award:
Compensatory Derivative

Wife $17,000 $ 3,000

Husband 5,000 1,000

Final Judgment:

Wife (Total Judgment: $10,000)

Husband (Total Judgment: 8,000)

Result sought by appellant insurance company on this appeal:

Wife $10,000 -0-

Husband 5,000 -0-

Result sought by appellee/plaintiff on this appeal:

Wife $17,000 $ 3,000

Husband 5,000 1,000

Result which we reach:

Wife $10,000 $ 3,000

Husband 5,000 -0- The appellants purchased an uninsured motorist policy in New York. They were involved in an accident in Florida with an uninsured motorist and so made claim on the policy. The matter went to arbitration and then to final judgment based thereupon, with the results as indicated above.

The first issue for consideration is whether New York or Florida law applies. The plaintiffs urge that Florida law should apply so that “stacking” may come into play. On the authority of State-Wide Insurance Company v. Flaks, 233 So. 2d 400 (Fla. 3d DCA 1970), the law of New York must apply.

The next issue for consideration is whether New York law allows derivative claims in a third-party action. We determine that it does. Richter v. Vitale, 59 Misc.2d 374, 299 N.Y.S.2d 293 (1969); Mill-ington v. Southeastern Elevator Co., Inc., 22 N.Y.2d 498, 293 N.Y.S.2d 305, 239 N.E. 2d 897, 36 A.L.R.3d 891 (1968).

Having decided that New York law governs and that derivative claims do exist in New York, the next question is whether the policy in question covers a derivative claim and, if so, what the limits of liability should be in this case.

There is one New York case cited in the briefs which is dead on point, and that is the Richter case, supra. The uninsured motorist provision in Richter is identical with the provisions in the policy in this case.1 In Richter, the court states:

Kathy’s personal judgment of $9,000 should be paid. Ronald’s derivative judgment for medical specials and loss of services of $2,500, concerning Kathy, as wife, should be reduced to $1,000, then paid. These two claims total $10,000, the maximum payable for Kathy’s claims. Ronald’s personal judgment of $6,000 should be paid. (Id. at 299 N.Y.S.2d 297)

That brief statement makes it clear that in determining whether to place the $10,000 limit upon the recipient of dollars or upon the source of the injury creating the claim, New York follows the “source” theory. Thus it is that Richter is authority not only for the proposition that there is uninsured motorist coverage for such a derivative claim but also how to apply the policy limits. Applying the theory to the case at hand, we should award the wife $10,000 for her compensatory damages. In addition, she may recover on her $3,000 derivative claim because her husband’s injuries were the source oí that damage. The husband may recover his $5,000 compensatory damages. He may not recover on his $1,000 derivative claim, because the source of that claim has already exhausted the policy limit of $10,000.

The appellant has also argued that a New York statute requires a construction of the policy in question which would prohibit coverage for a derivative claim. We have examined article 7, section 167(2-a) and are of the view that the language therein would not bar a derivative claim. Concerning subsection three thereof, we agree with appel-lee’s argument that the intent of that section was to guard against inter-spousal tort claims. Thus it would not apply to a typical third-party type derivative claim.

There is a separate issue raised upon appeal: whether one may recover the arbitration costs. There appear to be three Florida cases: Rutkin v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co., 195 So. 2d 221 (Fla. 3d DCA 1967), aff’d 199 So. 2d 705 (1967); American Service Mutual Insurance Co. v. Wilson, 323 So. 2d 645 (Fla. 3d DCA 1975); and McNair v. Continental Insurance Co., 245 So. 2d 634 (Fla. 1st DCA 1971). Rutkin and McNair hold that the arbitration costs may be recovered. American Service Mutual Insurance Co. holds to the contrary. It seems to us that reasoning of Rutkin and McNair is the more persuasive, and we so hold. For the reasons previously stated, the cause is remanded to the trial court for the entry of an amended final judgment consistent with this opinion.

We cannot help but note — despite all of this — the total dollars awarded remain the same. Only the allocation has been changed.

ANSTEAD and LETTS, JJ., concur. . At page 7 of its reply brief, the appellant urges that the Richter policy and the policy in question provide uninsured motorist coverage for accidents occurring within New York; that the Richter accident happened in New York; that the accident in question occurred in Florida; that Richter is therefore distinguishable. We find that argument to be without merit.


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Cited By (13 total)

  • Jemco, Inc. v. United Parcel Serv., Inc., 400 So. 2d 499 (Fla. 3d DCA 1981)
    …substantive obligations of contracts are determined by the law of the place where the contract is made (lex loci contractus.) ’ Walling v. Christian & Craft Grocery Company, 41 Fla. 479, 27 So. 2d 46 (1899); Eagle Star Insurance Company v. Parker, 365 So. 2d 780 (Fla. 4th DCA 1979); State-Wide Insurance Company v. Flaks, 233 So. 2d 400 (Fla. 3d DCA 1970). See Boat Town U.S.A., Inc. v. Mercury Marine Division of Brunswick Corporation, supra. Indemnity being a substantive obligation of the contract, UPS’s cla…
  • Andrews v. Cont'l Ins. Co., 444 So. 2d 479 (Fla. 5th DCA 1984)
    …ined in the foregoing policy provision. Generally, the validity and interpretation of the rights and obligations of parties to a contract are determined by the law of the place where the contract is made. See Eagle Star Insurance Company v. Parker, 365 So. 2d 780 (Fla. 4th DCA 1978); Aetna Casualty & Surety Company v. Enright, 258 So. 2d 472 (Fla. 3d DCA 1972); Statewide Insurance Company v. Flaks, 233 So. 2d 400 (Fla. 3d DCA 1970). Restatement 2d, Conflict of Laws, states the applicable rule of law as being…
  • Am. Indem. Co. v. Comeau, 419 So. 2d 670 (Fla. 5th DCA 1982)
    …tate Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Rutkin, 199 So. 2d 705 (Fla.1967); Lumbermen’s Mut. Cas. Co. v. Meade, 404 So. 2d 1141 (Fla. 5th DCA 1981); Fidelity & Cas. Co. of New York v. DeJesus, 402 So. 2d 15 (Fla. 3d DCA 1981); Eagle Star Ins. Co. v. Parker, 365 So. 2d 780 (Fla. 4th DCA 1978); McNair v. Continental Ins. Co., 245 So. 2d 634 (Fla. 1st DCA 1971); Carter v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 224 So. 2d 802 (Fla. 1st DCA 1969). . Rutkin v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 195 So. 2d 221 (Fla.App.); Lumbermen’…

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