KATHRYN WOODMAN, INDIVIDUALLY, AND KATHRYN WOODMAN, AS GUARDIAN AND NEXT FRIEND OF JENNIFER WOODMAN, APPELLANT,
v.
ED DEVER, AS OWNER OF SEA LODGE MOTEL, GERALD AND BARBARA LAWSON, AS LESSEES OF THE SEA LODGE MOTEL, AND AUTO-OWNERS INSURANCE COMPANY, ET AL., APPELLEES

Fla. 1st DCA | 1979-02-02
No. II-208
MILLS and ERVIN, JJ., concur.
367 So. 2d 1061 Florida District Court of Appeal, First District (1979) Caution
Cited by 10 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

The dissenting opinion argues that a writ of certiorari should be issued to quash a circuit court's appellate decision which allowed a landlord to evict a tenant based on a "civil conviction" rather than the statutorily required criminal conviction.


Holding

The dissenting judge believes the circuit court departed from the essential requirements of law by equating a finding in a civil case with the statutory requirement of a criminal conviction for eviction purposes.


Headnotes

[1] Recovery for mental pain and suffering or emotional disturbance is generally barred unless accompanied by physical impact, absent malice or wantonness.

[2] A plaintiff cannot recover for emotional distress or mental pain and suffering when there is no physical impact, unless the defendant's conduct was wanton, willful, or ma…

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Facts & Procedural History

A circuit court, acting in its appellate capacity, held that a landlord could evict a tenant under Section 796.02, Florida Statutes, even without a cr…

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Opinion of the Court
McCORD, Chief Judge.

McCORD, Chief Judge.

Appellant appeals the trial court’s dismissal with prejudice of Counts III and IV of appellant’s complaint which sought money damages for the mental pain and emotional stress suffered by her daughter. We affirm.

Appellant filed a complaint against appel-lees seeking money damages for physical and mental injuries sustained by appellant and mental injuries sustained by her minor daughter, Jennifer. The complaint alleges that appellant and her two daughters were registered in appellees’ motel on July 24, 1975; that appellant locked the doors to the room before she and her daughters went to sleep; that an unknown intruder entered the room where appellant and her daughters were sleeping and sexually assaulted and robbed appellant; that appellees were negligent in their failure to provide an adequate security system for appellant’s protection. Count III of the complaint alleges that Jennifer was a witness to the act of violence on her mother, and seeks damages for Jennifer’s emotional distress and mental pain and suffering as a result of the witnessing of this act. In Count IV of the complaint, appellant, as mother of Jennifer, seeks damages for medical expenses incurred in the treatment of Jennifer’s psychological injury, which resulted from the witnessing of her mother’s assault. Appel-lees moved to dismiss the two counts asserting that because there were no allegations therein of physical impact, appellant may not recover for emotional distress or mental pain and suffering. The trial court granted the motion to dismiss with prejudice.

Review of this case involves consideration of a judicially established precedent in Florida, often referred to as the impact rule. That rule has established that no recovery can be had for injuries resulting from mental pain and suffering or emotional disturbance unaccompanied by any physical impact in the absence of wantonness, willfulness or malice. Appellant urges this Court to recede from that doctrine in this case. To support that proposition, appellant relies on Stewart v. Gilliam, 271 So. 2d 466 (Fla. 4 DCA 1972), in which the Fourth District rejected the impact rule as being “at variance with modern-day needs and with concepts of justice and fair dealing” and allowed the plaintiff there, who had suffered a heart attack shortly after being frightened when the defendant’s car struck her home, to present her case to the trier of fact. However, the Florida Supreme Court reversed the Fourth District Court of Appeal’s decision in Gilliam, stating:

“We do not agree that, especially under the facts of this case, there is any valid justification to recede from the long standing decisions of this Court in this area. There may be circumstances under which one may recover for emotional or mental injuries, as when there has been a physical impact or when they are produced as a result of a deliberate and calculated act performed with the intention of producing such an injury by one knowing that such act would probably — and most likely — produce such an injury, but those are not the facts in this case.” Gilliam v. Stewart, 291 So. 2d 593 (Fla.1974).

In considering the rule previously, the Supreme Court, in Kirksey v. Jernigan, 45 So. 2d 188 (Fla.1950), said:

“. . . we do not feel constrained to extend this rule to cases founded purely in tort, where the wrongful act is such as to reasonably imply malice, or where, from the entire want of care of attention to duty, or great indifference to the persons, property, or rights of others, such malice will be imputed as would justify the assessment of exemplary or punitive damages.”

While the impact rule is not so stringently applied as to thwart recovery in all cases in which mental anguish is unconnected with physical injury, the case sub judiee is not such a ease. It does not involve the exceptions set forth in Kirksey or Gilliam. Compare also Dowling v. Blue Cross of Florida, 338 So. 2d 88 (Fla. 1 DCA 1976). The trial court correctly applied the long recognized impact rule to the facts of this case and did not err in dismissing Counts III and IV of appellant’s complaint.

We have considered appellant’s remaining point and find it to be without merit.

AFFIRMED.

MILLS and ERVIN, JJ., concur.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • Peacock v. Gen. Motors Acceptance Corp., 432 So. 2d 142 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983)
    …missal of the third counterclaim, which purports to assert William and Mary’s damages for mental anguish, detriment to their marriage, and loss of consortium. The allegations do not satisfy either the physical impact requirement of Woodman v. Dever, 367 So. 2d 1061 (Fla. 1st DCA 1979) or standards for the extraordinarily outrageous conduct as described in Ford Motor Credit Co. v. Sheehan, 373 So. 2d 956, 959 (Fla. 1st DCA 1979). The order dismissing the counterclaim is REVERSED as to the first count, but AFFI…
  • Selfe v. Smith, 397 So. 2d 348 (Fla. 1st DCA 1981)
    …stress which is due to plaintiff’s own injury, or to the traumatic event considered in relation to plaintiff alone. E. g., Gilliam v. Stewart, 291 So. 2d 593 (Fla.1974); Herlong Aviation, Inc. v. Johnson, 291 So. 2d 603 (Fla.1974); Woodman v. Dever, 367 So. 2d 1061 (Fla. 1st DCA 1979); Ellington v. United States, 404 F.Supp. 1165 (M.D.Fla.1975). That fact, coupled with the principle that a parent’s recovery for injury to his child is limited to pecuniary losses of services, earnings, and medical expenses,4 per…
  • Peoples v. Dorr, 409 So. 2d 1118 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982)
    …PER CURIAM. AFFIRMED. Selfe v. Smith, 397 So. 2d 348 (Fla. 1st DCA 1981); Woodman v. Dever, 367 So. 2d 1061 (Fla. 1st DCA 1979); and Dowling v. Blue Cross of Florida, 338 So. 2d 88 (Fla. 1st DCA 1976). McCORD, ERVIN and SHAW, JJ., concur.…

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