BERNARD A. WHITE AND RUDY L. WHITE, APPELLANTS,
v.
WILLIAM KENNETH KISER AND CAROLINA FREIGHT CARRIERS, A CORPORATION, APPELLEES

Fla. 1st DCA | 1979-03-27
No. KK-412
MILLS, Acting C. J., ERVIN, J., and MASON, ERNEST E., Associate Judge, concur.
368 So. 2d 952 Florida District Court of Appeal, First District (1979) Positive Treatment
Cited by 6 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

The appellate court reversed a jury verdict, finding that the trial court erred by admitting an accident report into evidence. This report was prohibited in civil trials by statute and its admission was not harmless error.


Holding

Yes, the trial court erred by admitting the accident report. The court found no evidence of waiver of the statutory privilege against admitting such reports, and the error was not harmless.


Headnotes

[1] An accident report is inadmissible in a civil trial pursuant to statute.

[2] A statute prohibiting the introduction of accident reports in civil trials should be interpreted to effectuate the legislative purpose, including the protection of the ri…

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Key Quotes

“Section 316.066, Florida Statutes (1977), prohibits the introduction of an accident report in any civil trial.”

Establishes the statutory basis for the court's decision.

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Facts & Procedural History

The Whites appealed a jury verdict absolving Kiser and Carolina Freight Carriers of liability for a vehicular accident. The sole issue was the admissi…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

The Whites appeal a jury verdict in favor of appellees which absolved them from liability in a vehicular accident. The sole issue is whether the trial court erred by admitting an accident report into evidence.

We agree that it was error. Mr. White testified that his truck was hit in the rear by Kiser while both were travelling in the same lane on the interstate.

However, Kiser testified that White was travelling in the emergency lane when suddenly White pulled in front of Kiser, causing Kiser to hit the rear of appellant’s truck. There were no eye witnesses to the accident other than White and Kiser. During appellants’ case in chief, counsel asked the accident reconstruction expert what information he was given in the course of his investigation and the source of the information. The expert replied that he was given an accident report by one of appellants’ attorneys. Counsel also elicited the fact that the expert had received certain photographs, a description of the automobiles made by one of the attorneys, and Kiser’s deposition. It was then established that the expert had the opportunity to review the accident report and the other items of information. The expert then explained the circumstances under which he made several tests, and appellants’ counsel posed several hypothetical questions containing facts in evidence. On cross-examination appellees’ counsel evoked a statement that the expert had read every piece of information supplied him and that each thing entered in some way in his arriving at his opinion. After further cross-examinations and re-direct examinations, appellants rested their case. The first item introduced in appel-lees’ case in chief, over proper objection, was the Florida Highway Patrol accident report which was published to the jury.

Section 316.066, Florida Statutes (1977), prohibits the introduction of an accident report in any civil trial. Although this section is in derogation of the common law and should be strictly construed in the sense that no situation should be held within its operation to which the legislature did not clearly intend to accord the privilege, on the other hand, the statute being in part at least designed to protect the constitutional right against self-incrimination, and to facilitate the ascertainment of the cause of accidents, it should not be so strictly construed as to defeat the legislative purpose. Wise v. Western Union Telegraph Co., 177 So. 2d 765, 767 (Fla. 1st DCA 1965).

The sections according the privilege have been given a liberal interpretation in favor of the privilege of confidence. See Smith v. Frisch’s Big Boy, Inc., 208 So. 2d 310, 313 (Fla. 2d DCA 1968); Standley v. White, 326 So. 2d 68 (Fla. 1st DCA 1976) which held certain statements to the reporting officer privileged although the result of according the privilege seemed to reach an inequitable result; Ippolito v. Brener, 89 So. 2d 650 (Fla.1956) which held there was no waiver of the privilege, upon timely objection, although the testimony sought to be admitted was for impeachment purposes.

We agree with appellee that this privilege is capable of waiver, but we fail to find any evidence of the necessary acts that constitute waiver here. Soler v. Kukula, 297 So. 2d 600 (Fla. 3d DCA 1974) is distinguishable because the record there demonstrated that an officer who was plaintiff’s witness, testified from the investigative reports without objection by plaintiff’s counsel. In that case the privilege did not apply so as to deny defense counsel the right to see and examine the memoranda used by the officer so as to enable him to cross-examine the witness in regard to the testimony given on direct examination.

In contrast, the record here reveals that the expert had previously been provided a copy of the accident report, along with other items, and that he generally admitted considering the information in these papers to arrive at his opinion.

However, the expert did not testify from the accident report, his opinion was responsive to carefully posed hypotheticals which assumed facts in evidence, and the opinions requested had nothing to do with opinions or facts contained in the accident report. Under the circumstances in this case, there was an inadequate predicate laid for the claim of waiver.

Furthermore, the introduction of the accident report was not harmless error since the report, signed by the officer, contained a statement which supported Kiser’s version of the accident.

Reversed for a new trial.

MILLS, Acting C. J., ERVIN, J., and MASON, ERNEST E., Associate Judge, concur.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • Hammond v. JIM Hinton OIL Co., Inc., 530 So. 2d 995 (Fla. 1st DCA 1988)
    …ing the investigation, forward a written report of the accident to the department. The statute also provides that “[n]o such report shall be used as evidence in any trial, civil or criminal, arising out of the accident....” See also White v. Kiser, 368 So. 2d 952 (Fla. 1st DCA 1979). Tangible evidence of an automobile accident, such as location of accident, vehicle locations, skid marks and damage to vehicle observed by the investigating officer, are not confidential pursuant to § 316.066 and may be admitted…
  • Anne Dinowitz and Pete Dinowitz v. Weinrub, 493 So. 2d 29 (Fla. 4th DCA 1986)
    …. The officer’s appearance—boots and belt— coupled with twenty-two years as an officer in Florida and New York could have easily influenced one or more jurors, in a favorable manner. We perceive similarities here to the situations in White v. Kiser, 368 So. 2d 952 (Fla. 1st DCA 1979), and Smith v. Frisch's Big Boy Inc., 208 So. 2d 310 (Fla. 2d DCA 1968). Finally, the plaintiff did not waive the statutory privilege by calling the officer as a witness, as she limited her inquiry on direct examination.1 It was…
  • Salama v. McGREGOR, 656 So. 2d 215 (Fla. 5th DCA 1995)
    ….1984). See also Hammond, 530 So. 2d at 997. Also, a party may waive the accident report privilege if that party opens the door by introducing inadmissible information contained in the accident report. See Dinowitz, 493 So. 2d at 31; White v. Kiser, 368 So. 2d 952, 953 (Fla. 1st DCA 1979); Soler v. Kukula, 297 So. 2d 600, 602 (Fla. 3d DCA 1974); Southern Life & Health Ins. Co. v. Medley, 161 So. 2d 19, 21 (Fla. 3d DCA 1964). Here, the record indicates that the speed contained in the accident report was based…
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