FRANKLIN LEE FOWLER, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 2d DCA | 1979-10-12
No. 79-918
HOBSON and OTT, JJ., concur.
375 So. 2d 879 Florida District Court of Appeal, Second District (1979) Caution
Cited by 22 cases

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Synopsis

Franklin Fowler was convicted of burglary while armed and grand theft after police apprehended him burglarizing a dwelling while possessing a shotgun and pistol. The trial judge imposed a 30-year sentence for burglary, believing a Florida statute required that minimum term, but the appellate court found the judge misapplied the statute because use of a firearm was an essential element of the burglary charge itself.


Holding

The trial judge misapplied Section 775.087(1)(a) because that statute explicitly excludes felonies in which use of a weapon or firearm is an essential element. Since use of a firearm was an essential element of burglary while armed under Section 810.02(2)(b), the reclassification to a life felony was improper.


Headnotes

[1] A statute reclassifying a felony based on the use of a weapon or firearm does not apply when the use of a weapon or firearm is an essential element of the underlying felo…

[2] A judge's misapplication of a sentencing statute, even if the resulting sentence is within the statutory maximum, may warrant resentencing when the judge indicates a pred…

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Key Quotes

“That section, however, specifically states that it does not apply to a "felony in which the use of a weapon or firearm is an essential element . . . ."”

Establishes that Section 775.087(1)(a) contains an explicit statutory exception that the trial judge overlooked

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Facts & Procedural History

Police apprehended Fowler while he was burglarizing a dwelling house in possession of a shotgun and pistol belonging to the victim. At the time Fowler…

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Opinion of the Court
GRIMES, Chief Judge.

GRIMES, Chief Judge.

A jury convicted appellant of grand theft and burglary while armed upon evidence that police had apprehended him in the course of burglarizing a dwelling house while in the possession of a shotgun and a pistol belonging to the victim of the burglary. At the time appellant took the weapons, they were unloaded, but at the time of his apprehension, both were loaded.

The trial judge sentenced appellant to thirty years in prison on the burglary charge and five years on the theft charge, the sentences to run concurrently. At the sentencing hearing the judge expressed the opinion that Section 775.082(3)(a), Florida Statutes (1977), required him to sentence appellant to a minimum term of thirty years, despite the fact that he was otherwise inclined to impose a lesser sentence. We believe the judge erred in this conclusion because of a misapplication of Section 775.087(l)(a), Florida Statutes (1977).1

Burglary of a dwelling is normally a felony of the second degree, but Section 810.02(2)(b), Florida Statutes (1977), makes it a felony of the first degree when the perpetrator is armed or arms himself during the burglary. Thus, the jury properly found appellant guilty of burglary while armed.2 The judge then applied Section 775.087(l)(a), Florida Statutes (1977), to reclassify the appellant’s crime as a life felony, because a firearm was involved. That section, however, specifically states that it does not apply to a “felony in which the use of a weapon or firearm is an essential element . . . .” Accordingly, since use of a firearm was an essential element of burglary while armed under Section 810.-02(2)(b),3 the judge misconstrued the application of Section 775.087(l)(a) to appellant’s conviction for that crime.

Ordinarily, we would not reach this issue because appellant’s sentence was within the statutory maximum for a first degree felony. Yet, the judge candidly stated that he would not be disposed to give such a long sentence were it not for his construction of the statutes. In the interest of justice, then, the judge should have the opportunity to resentence the appellant in light of this opinion. Therefore, we affirm the judgments and the theft sentence, vacate the burglary sentence, and remand for resentencing.

HOBSON and OTT, JJ., concur. . 775.087 Possession or use of weapon; aggravated battery; felony reclassification; minimum sentence.

(1) Unless otherwise provided by law, whenever a person is charged with a felony, except a felony in which the use of a weapon or firearm is an essential element, and during the commission of such felony the defendant carries,, displays, uses, threatens, or attempts to use any weapon or firearm, or during the commission of such felony the defendant commits an aggravated battery, the felony for which the person is charged shall be reclassified as follows:

(a) In the case of a felony of the first degree, to a life felony.

. Cf. Sanders v. State, 352 So. 2d 1187 (Fla. 1st DCA 1977), which held that the mere showing of the theft of a gun after entering a structure, standing alone, was insufficient to establish burglary while armed.

. Cf. Growden v. State, 372 So. 2d 930 (Fla. 1979), in which subsections (b) and (c) of Section 812.13(2), Florida Statutes (Supp.1974), were held to be lesser included offenses of Section 812.13(2)(a).


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By (11 total)

  • Eve Postell v. State, 383 So. 2d 1159 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980)
    …irst-degree felony to a life felony under Section 775.-087(1)(a), Florida Statutes (1977). While we agree Postell was ineligible to be classified as a youthful offender, the reason advanced by the trial court was clearly wrong under Fowler v. State, 375 So. 2d 879 (Fla. 2d DCA 1979). “Burglary of a dwelling is normally a felony of the second degree, but Section 810.02(2)(b), Florida Statutes (1977), makes it a felony of the first degree when the perpetrator is armed or arms himself during the burglary. Thus,…
  • Hardee v. State, 534 So. 2d 706 (Fla. 1988)
    …steals an unloaded gun, he may be convicted of enhanced burglary if he later loads the gun or is shown to have the bullets in his possession. Mills v. State, 400 So. 2d 516 (Fla. 5th DCA), review denied, 408 So. 2d 1094 (Fla.1981); Fowler v. State, 375 So. 2d 879 (Fla. 2d DCA 1979). If not the holding of these cases, the fair implication to be drawn therefrom is that a burglar who steals an unloaded gun cannot be convicted of armed burglary in the absence of evidence that he had access to the bullets. Howev…
  • Flenoil Crook v. State, 385 So. 2d 1136 (Fla. 1st DCA 1980)
    …That sentencing provision does not apply when the use of a firearm is an essential element of the offense. Here, the offense was attempted burglary with a firearm, and this section of the enhanced penalty statute does not apply. See Fowler v. State, 375 So. 2d 879 (Fla. 2d DCA 1979). Thus, the maximum sentence allowed by statute for this offense is five years. There is another error in the sentencing, however, which neither party to this appeal called to our attention. Section 775.087(2), Florida Statutes (1…

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