ALEX SALKAY, APPELLANT,
v.
BASIL C. DEUSCHLE, JR., ROBERT L. LAMBERT AND HARVEY E. RAMSEY, INDIVIDUALLY AND AS TRUSTEES OF MANOR GROVE LAND CORPORATION, AND ANN SALKAY AND PATRICIA ANN WILLIAMS AS PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVES OF THE ESTATE OF ANN SALKAY, APPELLEES
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The court held that a cause of action can be stated against trustees in their individual capacities for intentional torts, and that such claims are not barred by res judicata or estoppel by judgment, even if related to a workers' compensation award.
[1] A workmen's compensation award does not preclude an employee from pursuing common law remedies for damages resulting from injuries not encompassed within the express prov…
[2] An employee may state a cause of action against individuals in their personal capacities by alleging the commission of independent intentional torts that cause damages be…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAppellant was injured and received a workers' compensation award against his employer, which was later liquidated and the award unsatisfied. Appellant…
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HERSEY, Judge.
This is an appeal from a final order dismissing with prejudice the third amended complaint and supplemental complaint of appellant, Alex Salkay.
Appellant was injured in an automobile accident. A workmen’s compensation award entered by a judge of industrial claims determined that appellant was entitled to benefits from Manor Grove Land Corporation, his employer. The corporation was neither insured nor properly qualified as a self-insurer under the Workmen’s Compensation statutes. The corporation was subsequently liquidated and appellant’s award went unsatisfied, although separate proceedings remain pending seeking enforcement.
Appellant then filed a complaint against the appellees individually and as trustees of the liquidated corporation. After a series of motions, hearings and amendments to pleadings the order appealed from was rendered. The trial court based dismissal on res judicata, estoppel by judgment and lack of jurisdiction of the court over the subject matter. In part the court concluded:
E. That because of the foregoing the Third Amended Complaint and Supplemental Complaint cannot be cured by further amendment, and thus, should be dismissed with prejudice.
We disagree and reverse.
The issues tried and triable in the workmen’s compensation proceeding were appellant’s status as an employee injured in the course of and within the scope of his employment, the amount of his entitlement, the identity of his employer and methods of enforcement of the award. The complaint in the instant case is an attempt to allege that appellees in their capacity as trustees liquidated the corporation and thereafter, in their individual capacities, wrongfully, fraudulently and with intent to deprive appellant of his just entitlement, converted, concealed and secreted those assets. While the statute, Chap. 440, Florida Statutes, 1979, provides certain remedies for the enforcement of awards, the thrust of those provisions is to enable a claimant to proceed against the recalcitrant employer. Appellant’s complaint alleges that the individual appellees, by the commission of independent torts, have not only made it impossible for the corporate employer, now defunct, to respond in damages, but also have substantially aggravated those original damages.
We have not found a Florida case precisely on point. However, in Grice v. Suwannee Lumber Mfg. Co., 113 So. 2d 742, 744 (Fla. 1st DCA 1959) the court stated:
Appellant proceeds upon the basic premise that the Workmen’s Compensation Act is a substitute for the common law rights and liabilities of the employee and employer only on the subjects which it covers, and within its self contained limitations. That it does not affect rights which are not within the purview of the act or which by necessary implications or negation are excluded therefrom, we agree.
The court, in Grice, supra, concluded: . [I]t follows that an employee is free to pursue his common law remedies for damages resulting from injuries not encompassed within the express provisions or intendments of the Act.
And in Reed v. Hartford Accident & Indemnity Company, 367 F.Supp. 134 (E.D.Pa. 1973) the District Court held that an action based on economic duress, fraud and bad faith in the payment of a compensation claim is not governed exclusively by the compensation act. By this opinion we align ourselves with the reasoning of this and the preceding case.
We therefore determine that a cause of action could be stated against appellees in their individual capacities by alleging the commission of one or more intentional torts. Further, we hold that the injuries complained of and not compensated for by the existing award are sufficiently independent to withstand an assault based upon res judi-cata or estoppel by judgment. We concur with the trial court that the third amended complaint and the supplemental complaint are defective. We disagree that they cannot be cured by further amendment.
The record discloses that Ann Salkay became deceased during the pendency of these proceedings. Her personal representative did not join in this appeal. The decedent’s cause of action, if any, is therefore extinguished by the final judgment.
Accordingly, we reverse the order appealed from and direct that appellant be permitted to amend his pleadings so that a determination may be made as to the merits of appellant’s claims.
REVERSED AND REMANDED.
LETTS, C. J., and HURLEY, J., concur.
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OLD Republic Ins. Co. v. The Honorable Lewis B. Whitworth, 442 So. 2d 1078 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983)…d faith” claims rests exclusively in the Division of Workers’ Compensation, which has already asserted that jurisdiction and assessed appropriate penalties against Old Republic. In reaching this conclusion, we have not overlooked Salkay v. Deuschle, 385 So. 2d 181 (Fla. 4th DCA 1980), or Reed v. Hartford Accident and Indemnity Co., 367 F.Supp. 134 (E.D.Pa. 1973), heavily relied on by Bird. In Salkay, an injured workman received a compensation award which determined that his corporate employer owed him benefi…
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Fisher v. Shenandoah Gen. Constr. Co., 472 So. 2d 871 (Fla. 4th DCA 1985)…2) A co-employee was the perpetrator of the intentional tort. Brown v. Winn-Dixie Montgomery, Inc., 427 So. 2d 1065 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983). (3) The corporate employer was defunct and no workers’ compensation coverage was available. Salkay v. Deuschle, 385 So. 2d 181 (Fla. 4th DCA 1980). (4) The suit was filed individually against corporate officers. Chorak v. Naughton, 409 So. 2d 35 (Fla. 2d DCA 1981). However, believing this matter to be of great public importance, we hereby certify the following question to…
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Am. Freight Sys., Inc. v. Fla. Farm Bureau Cas. Ins. Co. & Donald R. Thomas, 453 So. 2d 468 (Fla. 2d DCA 1984)…tions. It does not affect rights which are not within the purview of the act or which by necessary implication or negation are excluded therefrom. Grice v. Suwanee Lumber Manufacturing, 113 So. 2d 742 (Fla.1st DCA 1959); see also Salkay v. Deuschle, 385 So. 2d 181 (Fla.4th DCA 1980). Having examined section 440.11, as well as the other provisions of the Act, it is clear to us the exclusivity provision only immunizes the employer against tort liability arising from the employee’s job-related injury. The provi…
Authorities Cited
- Grice v. Suwannee Lumber Mfg. Co., 113 So. 2d 742 (Fla. 1st DCA 1959)