RIGOBERTO DIAZ, APPELLANT,
v.
THE STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.
Rigoberto Diaz was convicted of manslaughter after being charged with second-degree murder. The Florida appellate court reversed his conviction because the state failed to rebut his prima facie self-defense claim with evidence, violating the established rule that circumstantial evidence must rebut direct testimony of self-defense.
Yes. The court reversed the conviction because Diaz established a prima facie case of self-defense through direct testimony of the victim's threats and menacing approach, and the state presented no evidence to contradict this direct testimony. Under Florida law, only circumstantial evidence from the state's case-in-chief can rebut direct testimony of self-defense, and here that circumstantial evidence was woefully inadequate.
[1] A defendant's direct testimony of self-defense, if unrebutted by the state, establishes a prima facie case for self-defense.
[2] Circumstantial evidence is inadequate to rebut a defendant's direct testimony of self-defense when the state presents no evidence to contradict the defendant's claim.
Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“The defendant's direct testimony concerning the victim's threats and his menacing approach together with the defendant's assertion that he was in fear of his life made out a prima facie case of self defense under Section 776.012, Florida Statutes (1977).”
Establishes that the defendant met the threshold requirement for a self-defense claim through his direct testimony.
Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceDiaz shot and killed an unarmed victim in a Key West restaurant. No witnesses observed the actual shooting or saw the victim armed. Diaz testified the…
The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.
Explore caselaw by topic → Browse Burden Of Proof In Self-Defense cases and more on FLexlaw
NESBITT, Judge.
The defendant appeals from a judgment of conviction for manslaughter entered pursuant to Section 782.07, Florida Statutes (1977). His adjudication arose out of an information charging him with murder in the second degree pursuant to Section 782.-04(2), Florida Statutes (1977). A jury found him guilty of manslaughter, being a lesser included offense, for which he was sentenced to fifteen years in the state penitentiary.
The only point with which we are concerned is whether the trial court erred in denying the defendant’s motion for judgment of acquittal and subsequent motion for new trial on the ground that the state failed to rebut, according to the established circumstantial evidence rules, that the defendant, in the commission of a homicide, had acted in self defense.
Curiously, the homicide occurred in a small restaurant in Key West and the incident per se was observed neither by the owner nor the employees nor any of the other patrons. Those witnesses recalled the defendant seated close to the victim but did not observe any weapon in the victim’s possession. A patron testified he heard a shot and saw the victim fall but did not see the defendant draw the lethal weapon, a 45-ca-libre pistol. A waiter, working tables, only heard the report of the pistol.
The defendant, who testified in his own behalf, stated that while he was drinking beer the victim, who was seated at an adjacent table, started to make trouble for the defendant’s companion. The defendant inquired why the victim (a person he had never met before) wished to cause trouble and was twice told by the victim: “I'm going to shoot you five times.” According to the defendant, the victim then rose from his table and approached the defendant again making the same oral threat while apparently reaching in his pocket for a weapon. It was later determined that the victim was unarmed. The defendant admitted drawing his pistol and pointing it at the victim. However, he claimed the pistol fired accidentally. The defendant exited the restaurant and hid the weapon outside. He shortly returned and requested the proprietor to call the police. She advised him that she had already done so. An investigating officer testified that the defendant told him of the victim’s threat to “shoot him five times.”
The defendant is five feet four inches tall and weighs 126 pounds. At the time of the incident, he was forty-two years of age. A breathalizer test performed on the defendant shortly following his arrest indicated a reading of “.08.” An expert testified that when a reading of “.10” is reached, the examinee is considered intoxicated. The defendant stated he did not realize that the fatal weapon had a safety. A detective who had examined the weapon testified that the thumb-safety of the pistol was inoperative but that the safety cock notch was functional.
The defendant’s direct testimony concerning the victim’s threats and his menacing approach together with the defendant’s assertion that he was in fear of his life made out a prima facie case of self defense under Section 776.012, Florida Statutes (1977). The state presented no evidence to rebut the defendant’s direct testimony that he acted in self defense nor was it able to diminish his testimony on cross-examination. Under these circumstances, only those inferences properly arising out of the state’s testimony in chief could be considered to rebut the defendant’s assertion of self defense. In this posture, that evidence, circumstantial in its entirety, was woefully inadequate to rebut the direct testimony that the defendant committed homicide in self defense. Mayo v. State, 71 So. 2d 899 (Fla.1954); cf. McArthur v. State, 351 So. 2d 972 (Fla.1977).
In Ferguson v. State, 379 So. 2d 163 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980), we similarly reversed a second degree murder conviction where the state had no witnesses to testify about the actual shooting incident and presented no evidence to contradict the defendant’s claim of self defense.
For the foregoing reasons, the defendant’s judgment of conviction is reversed and remanded with directions to discharge him from custody.
Reversed.
Pursuant to reargument granted, the court has reconsidered the record and the briefs, has heard argument of counsel and has concluded that our opinion and judgment filed July 1, 1980 should be adhered to.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Cited By (20 total)
-
Dunn v. State, 454 So. 2d 641 (Fla. 5th DCA 1984)…vidence in order to determine the truth. . Defendant cites McArthur v. State, 351 So. 2d 972 (Fla.1977); Driggers v. State, 164 So. 2d 200 (Fla.1964); Davis v. State, 90 So. 2d 629 (Fla.1956); Mayo v. State, 71 So. 2d 899 (Fla.1954); Diaz v. State, 387 So. 2d 978 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980), pet. den., 397 So. 2d 779 (Fla.1981); Ferguson v. State, 379 So. 2d 163 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980); Wright v. State, 348 So. 2d 26 (Fla. 1st DCA 1977), cert. den., 353 So. 2d 679 (Fla.1977); Getsie v. State, 193 So. 2d 679 (Fla. 4th DCA…
-
State v. Rivera, 719 So. 2d 335 (Fla. 5th DCA 1998)…ce presented by the defendant demonstrated that, due to the threatening conduct of the men in the pickup, Rivera reasonably feared for his life and believed that deadly force was necessary to prevent imminent bodily injury. See Diaz [*338] v. State, 387 So. 2d 978, 980 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980), rev. denied, 397 So. 2d 779 (Fla.1981). The defendant’s testimony regarding the number of men who exited the pickup at the SR 436 intersection and whether McCrae had possession of a firearm when he approached the front of Ri…
-
Harper v. State, 411 So. 2d 235 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982)…idence legally sufficient to contradict Harper’s explanation of self defense Harper’s version cannot be ignored, and his motion for judgment of acquittal should have been granted. State v. Bobbitt, 389 So. 2d 1094 (Fla. 1st DCA 1980); Diaz v. State, 387 So. 2d 978 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980); Ferguson v. State, 379 So. 2d 163 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980); Neveils v. State, 145 So. 2d 883 (Fla. 1st DCA 1962). For instructive purposes we comment on Harper’s second point. During the State’s closing argument, the prosecutor stated…
Previewing 3 of 20 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Nadean O. McARTHUR v. State, 351 So. 2d 972 (Fla. 1977)
- Mayo v. State, 71 So. 2d 899 (Fla. 1954)
- Ferguson v. State, 379 So. 2d 163 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980)