THELMA JENKINS, AS ADMINISTRATRIX C.T.A. OF THE ESTATE OF MERTON EARLE JENKINS, DECEASED, APPELLANT,
v.
ARAB TERMITE AND PEST CONTROL OF FLORIDA, INC., ET AL., APPELLEES
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In this wrongful death case, a jury awarded $50,000 in compensatory damages and $125,000 in punitive damages. The trial judge ordered a new trial unless the plaintiff agreed to remit $75,000 of the punitive damages, finding the award shocking to the judicial conscience. The appellate court reversed, holding that post-trial, a trial judge may reduce punitive damages only on the ground of economic castigation, not based on reassessing the degree of the defendant's misconduct.
A trial judge may not reduce a punitive damages award based on reassessing the degree of the defendant's misconduct; the only permissible post-trial ground for finding punitive damages excessive is that the award bears no relation to the defendant's ability to pay and results in economic castigation. A ratio of punitive damages to net worth of 13.3%, without more, does not establish economic castigation.
[1] A trial judge may order a remittitur of punitive damages only if the award bears no relation to the defendant's ability to pay and results in economic castigation.
[2] A trial judge may not substitute their own opinion of the degree of a defendant's misconduct for that of the jury when assessing punitive damages.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“Post-Wackenhut, there is only one permissible ground for a determination by a trial judge that a punitive damages award is excessive; that is, that the amount of the award bears no relation to the amount the defendant is able to pay and results in economic castigation.”
Establishes the exclusive post-trial standard for trial judge review of punitive damages awards
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceMerton Earle Jenkins died, and his administratrix sued Arab Termite and Pest Control of Florida for wrongful death. The jury found liability and award…
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DANAHY, Judge.
In this wrongful death case, the jury returned a verdict against appellee and in favor of appellant for compensatory damages in the amount of $50,000 and punitive damages in the amount of $125,000. On appellee’s post-trial motions, the trial judge entered an order granting a new trial as to all issues unless appellant agreed to a re-mittitur of $75,000 of the punitive damages award. The trial judge expressed the reasons for his decision as follows:
Whereas the amount of the verdict for compensatory damages was in the opinion of the Court extremely high, the Court does not feel that under existing law the Court can order a remittitur of any part thereof.
However, the amount of the punitive damages awarded by the jury clearly shocked the judicial conscience of the Court, as under the facts of the case the acts of the defendant lacked the degree of maliciousness and/or outrageous, disregard for the decedent’s rights required to sustain the amount of the punitive damages verdict. Wackenhut Corp. v. Canty, [Fla.] 359 So. 2d 430, at p. 436; Hutchinson v. Lott, [Fla.App.] 110 So. 2d 442.
The evidence before the jury did not demonstrate that degree of malice, wantonness, oppression or outrage on the part of the defendant which would justify the degree of punishment inflicted by the punitive damages assessed. The damages assessed equal 13.3% of the defendant’s net worth. This is a high percentage of net worth and not proper under the facts of this case. As in the Wackenhut case, the fault of the defendant justifying punitive damages was essentially a lack of supervision and training. In Wackenhut the punitive damages award was 2% of net worth.
Appellant asserts that the above stated grounds for ordering a remittitur, or in lieu thereof new trial on all issues, are improper under the holding of our supreme court in Wackenhut Corp. v. Canty, 359 So. 2d 430 (Fla. 1978).
Appellant argues that under Wackenhut, a trial judge may consider the egregiousness of a defendant’s conduct only for the purpose of determining whether there is a legal basis for an assessment of punitive damages; that is, whether the issue of punitive damages should be permitted to go the jury.
Appellant contends that once that determination is made, the assessment of the degree of the defendant’s misconduct for purposes of awarding punitive damages is solely within the province of the jury and a trial judge may not, as the trial judge did in this case, substitute his own opinion in this respect for that of the jury.
We agree, and reverse.
Post-Wackenhut, there is only one permissible ground for a determination by a trial judge that a punitive damages award is excessive; that is, that the amount of the award bears no relation to the amount the defendant is able to pay and results in economic castigation. The trial judge in the case before us merged two factors in explaining his opinion that the punitive damages award was excessive-the degree of appellee’s misconduct and the ratio of the punitive damages award to appellee’s net worth. The degree of misconduct consideration was improper under the Wacken-hut holding.1 A ratio to net worth of 13.3%, without more, does not establish economic castigation.
We reverse with directions to enter final judgment for appellant in accordance with the jury’s verdict.
REVERSED.
HOBSON, Acting C. J., and RYDER, J., concur. . A trial judge may, of course, make a post-trial determination that the defendant’s conduct did not amount to fraud, malice, wantonness, or outrage, so that the issue of punitive damages should not have been submitted to the jury. A-T-O, Inc. v. Garcia, 374 So. 2d 533 (Fla.3d DCA 1979).
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Citator
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Arab Termite & Pest Control OF Fla., Inc. v. Jenkins, 409 So. 2d 1039 (Fla. 1982)…BOYD, Justice. This cause is before the Court on petition for review of the decision in Jenkins v. Arab Termite & Pest Control of Florida, Inc., 388 So. 2d 44 (Fla. 2d DCA 1980). The district court of appeal created express and direct conflict by misapplication of the rule announced in Wackenhut Corp. v. Canty, 359 So. 2d 430 (Fla.1978). We have jurisdiction. Art. V, § 3(b)(3), Fla.Const. We quash and rem…
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Ursula H. Smith v. Telophase Nat'l Cremation Soc'y, Inc., 471 So. 2d 163 (Fla. 2d DCA 1985)…he trial court’s grant of a new trial as to all issues unless a remittitur had been agreed to reducing the amount of punitive damages. That case grew out of the earlier appeal to this court in Jenkins v. Arab Termite & Pest Control of Florida, Inc., 388 So. 2d 44 (Fla. 2d DCA 1980) that was subsequently reversed by the supreme court in Arab Termite & Pest Control v. Jenkins, 409 So. 2d 1039 (Fla.1982). The only issue decided in the first appeal to this court and the subsequent decision of the supreme court,…
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Jenkins v. Arab Termite & Pest Control OF Fla., Inc., 422 So. 2d 922 (Fla. 2d DCA 1982)…s required to sustain the amount of the punitive damages verdict.” On appeal to this court, we reversed on the ground that the trial judge’s stated reason for granting a new trial or remittitur was improper. Jenkins v. Arab Termite and Pest Control, 388 So. 2d 44 (Fla. 2d DCA 1980). The supreme court quashed our decision, holding that it is proper for a trial judge to issue an order for a new trial or remittitur when the manifest weight of .the evidence shows that the amount of punitive damage assessed is o…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- The Wackenhut Corp. v. Canty, 359 So. 2d 430 (Fla. 1978)
- Hutchinson v. Lott, 110 So. 2d 442 (Fla. 1st DCA 1959)
- A-T-O, Inc. v. Garcia, 374 So. 2d 533 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979)