DINERS CLUB, INC., PETITIONER,
v.
DONALD F. BRACHVOGEL ET AL., RESPONDENTS
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Diners Club sued the Brachvogels on a credit card account and obtained a default judgment against Mrs. Brachvogel after service was perfected by leaving documents with her husband. The Florida Supreme Court held that while service was valid, a trial judge has discretion to vacate the default judgment under the excusable neglect rule when a defendant proves she was unaware of the suit and tenders a viable defense.
The trial court did not abuse its discretion in vacating the default judgment. Although service on Mrs. Brachvogel was valid regardless of actual notice, she provided a sufficient predicate for discretionary vacation by proving she failed to answer because of unawareness and by tendering a meritorious defense.
[1] A trial court has discretion to vacate a default judgment upon a showing of excusable neglect for failing to answer.
[2] A defendant may establish excusable neglect for failing to answer by proving unawareness of the lawsuit and tendering a defense on which they may prevail.
Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“the test is not whether the notice was, in fact, brought to the attention of the defendant, but whether at the time of service circumstances were such that it could be presumed that the matter would be brought to his attention.”
Establishes that actual notice is not required for valid service; presumptive notice based on circumstances suffices.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceDiners Club sued the Brachvogels on their credit card account. The sheriff served both the Brachvogels at their marital home, effecting personal servi…
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McDonald, justice.
This cause is before the Court on petition for writ of certiorari to review the decision of the Third District Court of Appeal, reported at 370 So. 2d 443 (Fla.3d DCA 1979). The district court affirmed without opinion a circuit court order vacating a default judgment against Mrs. Brachvogel. Finding apparent conflict between that decision and Barnett Bank of Clearwater, N. A. v. Folsom, 306 So. 2d 186 (Fla.2d DCA 1975), we entertained jurisdiction.1
Diners Club sued the Brachvogels on their credit card account The Dade County Sheriff served process and complaint for both Mr. and Mrs. Brachvogel at their marital home. At the time the Brachvogels lived together, but were having marital problems. The sheriff effected personal service on Mr. Brachvogel and perfected service on Mrs. Brachvogel by leaving the copy of the summons and complaint with her husband. Neither of the Brachvogels appeared or defended the suit, and the trial court entered a default judgment against both of them.
Some months later, after Diners Club effected garnishment of her wages, Mrs. Brachvogel moved the trial court to set aside the default judgment on the grounds that her husband never told her about the lawsuit, that she was unaware of it, and that she had a legitimate defense. The trial court granted the motion. The district court affirmed on the authority of Shafey v. Tease, 332 So. 2d 137 (Fla.3d DCA 1976).
In Shafey the Third District Court stated that vacation of a default judgment is in the sound discretion of the trial judge, and, absent an abuse of that discretion, the trial court’s decision should not be disturbed. The vacation in Shafey was granted because the husband did not inform his wife of the summons and statement of claim directed to both of them which he received in the mail.2 The district court declined to reverse, finding no abuse of discretion. The court noted that one reason the husband did not tell the wife was that he did not realize the papers were “legal papers”.
In Barnett Bank of Clearwater, N. A. v. Folsom the sheriff effected substituted service on a husband by serving his wife at the couple’s home. After the husband failed to appear and suffered a default judgment, he moved to set aside the judgment, alleging that his wife never informed him of the papers she received. The county court vacated the judgment, and the circuit court affirmed, stating that actual notice was required under the statute governing substituted service.3 The Second District Court disagreed, noting the Pandora’s Box that would be opened if a defendant could have a judgment vacated merely because he was not actually informed of a lawsuit. Holding that notice requirements need only be just and reasonable, the court stated
the test is not whether the notice was, in fact, brought to the attention of the defendant, but whether at the time of service circumstances were such that it could be presumed that the matter would be brought to his attention.
306 So. 2d at 187.
The apparent conflict between Folsom and Shafey was reconciled by this Court in Sterling Drug, Inc. v. Wright, 342 So. 2d 503 (Fla.1977). As stated in Wright the validity of the service of process is not the issue here, but whether the trial judge abused his discretion in vacating a default upon a claim of a moving party that excusable neglect existed for not answering.4 The service on Mrs. Brachvogel was valid whether she knew of it or not. There is a presumption that she was aware of it. But by proving that she failed to answer the complaint because she was unaware of it, and by tendering a defense upon which she may prevail, she provided the trial judge with a sufficient predicate to exercise his discretion to vacate the judgment under the excusable neglect rule.
The writ is discharged.
It is so ordered.
ADKINS, BOYD and ALDERMAN, JJ., concur. OVERTON, J., concurs in result only.
SUNDBERG, C. J., and ENGLAND, J., dissent.
. Art. V, § 3(b)(3), Fla.Const. (1972).
. This was valid service under the applicable statute at the time.
. That statute, § 48.031, Fla.Stat. (1973), is in pertinent part the same as the statute applicable in the instant case, § 48.031, Fla.Stat. . Rule 1.540(b), Fla.R.Civ.P.
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Duckworth v. Ingrid O. Duckworth, 414 So. 2d 562 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982)…hild custody. The lone issue for our determination is whether the trial court erred in doing so. It is apodictic that the granting of relief from default judgment lies within the sound discretion of the trial judge. Diners Club, Inc. v. Brachvogel, 395 So. 2d 1156 (Fla.1981); Perrin v. Enos, 56 So. 2d 920 (Fla.1952); Bay Products Corporation v. Winters, 341 So. 2d 240 (Fla. 3rd DGA 1976). Default judgments are not favored and the trial court’s discretion should be liberally [*564] exercised and all reasonable…
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Cont'l Video Corp. v. Honeywell, Inc., 422 So. 2d 35 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982)…d 64 (Fla. 3d DCA 1972); see, Nicholas v. Miami Burglar Alarm Co., 339 So. 2d 175 (Fla.1976). . I have taken similar positions in specially concurring opinions in Diners Club, Inc. v. Brachvogel, 370 So. 2d 443 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979), cert. discharged, 395 So. 2d 1156 (Fla.1980); Valenstein v. Doctors Hospital, 372 So. 2d 1169 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979); Norton v. South Miami Hospital Foundation, Inc., 375 So. 2d 42 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979); and Schoenbrod v. O’Neill, 375 So. 2d 42 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979), cert. denied, 383 So. 2d…
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Roberts v. Safeway Ins. Co., 610 So. 2d 700 (Fla. 3d DCA 1992)…nsideration. The trial court abused its discretion in denying the motion to vacate the default. Roberts’ explanation for his failure to respond to the complaint in a timely manner constituted excusable neglect. See Diners Club, Inc. v. Brachvogel, 395 So. 2d 1156 (Fla.1981) (where husband failed to give wife complaint served against both or to inform her of service, and couple was having marital problems at the time, trial court did not abuse its discretion in vacating default judgment against wife); Shafey…
Previewing 3 of 7 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Sterling Drug, Inc. v. Wright, 342 So. 2d 503 (Fla. 1977)
- Barnett Bank OF Clearwater, N.A. v. Folsom, 306 So. 2d 186 (Fla. 2d DCA 1975)
- The Diners Club, Inc. v. Brachvogel, 370 So. 2d 443 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979)
- Sherif Shafey, M.D. v. Tease, 332 So. 2d 137 (Fla. 3d DCA 1976)