RICHARD ONEAL KRANTZ, APPELLANT,
v.
THE STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 3d DCA | 1981-10-13
No. 79-1005
Before SCHWARTZ, NESBITT and BASKIN, JJ.
405 So. 2d 211 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (1981) Positive Treatment
Cited by 8 cases

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Synopsis

The court reversed convictions for aggravated assault and second-degree murder, holding that the trial court's failure to compel a material defense witness's attendance and the destruction of a potential murder weapon mandated a new trial.


Holding

The court held that the trial court's failure to compel the attendance of a material defense witness mandates reversal of the defendant's conviction on both counts, entitling him to a new trial.


Headnotes

[1] A trial court's refusal to compel the attendance of a material defense witness violates a defendant's constitutional right to compulsory process.

[2] The destruction of potential exculpatory evidence by the state requires a balancing test to determine the appropriate sanction, considering the evidence's materiality and…

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Facts & Procedural History

The defendant was convicted of aggravated assault and second-degree murder. A key defense witness, who had stated she saw police pick up a larger, blo…

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Opinion of the Court
NESBITT, Judge.

NESBITT, Judge.

The defendant challenges his conviction of an aggravated assault by the use of a metal pipe, committed upon one Earl Cour-teau; and the second degree murder of Charles Richard Bogart by stabbing with a knife.

Two issues are raised by this appeal. The defendant contends that, as a minimum, he is entitled to a new trial with respect to both counts because the trial court failed to compel the attendance of a material defense witness. Secondly, he contends that the adjudication of second degree murder should be reversed because the state destroyed the alleged murder weapon.

The defendant became involved in an altercation with the first victim who died of a knife wound to the stomach. A second victim was allegedly struck by the defendant with a pipe as he attempted to intercede in the quarrel. There were three witnesses to the incident; none saw the actual infliction of the stab wound although they did see the defendant strike a blow to the defendant’s stomach. A two to three inch knife was seized by the police after the defendant’s arrest. A laboratory analysis showed that the knife contained no blood. Later that knife was destroyed by police order and consequently was not available for introduction into evidence.

The murder victim’s wife was subpoenaed as a defense witness. She appeared during the first day of trial but after that day she told defense counsel that she was committing herself to a hospital. The defense counsel’s repeated requests that the court compel the attendance of this witness at trial were refused. The same witness had given a written statement prior to trial indicating that, shortly after and near the scene of the altercation, she observed the police officers pick up a larger, heavier knife with blood on it.

The defendant contends that this second knife was the murder weapon. In support of this position, he argues that a question was raised about the likelihood that the knife found on his person would have been able to penetrate the victim’s sternum. Furthermore, defendant argues that the absence of blood on the alleged murder weapon and the presence of blood on the knife seen by the victim’s wife support his position that the murder was committed by someone other than the defendant wielding this second knife. Absent the live testimony of this witness and the knife found on the defendant, the defense cannot exploit these possibilities.

The failure of the trial court to compel the attendance of the murder victim’s wife necessarily mandates reversal of the defendant’s conviction on both counts and minimally entitles him to a new trial with respect to the charge of aggravated assault.1 The defendant has a constitutional right to compulsory process of witnesses to produce testimony which is admissible in the cause for which he is on trial. Washington v. Texas, 388 U.S. 14, 87 S.Ct. 1920, 18 L.Ed.2d 1019 (1967); Green v. State, 377 So. 2d 193 (Fla.3d DCA 1979), approved, 395 So. 2d 532 (Fla.1981).

With respect to the defendant’s claim concerning the destruction of the alleged murder weapon, a balancing test is used in order to determine the sanction to be imposed for destruction of the alleged murder weapon. State v. Sobel, 363 So. 2d 324 (Fla.1978). The materiality of the evi dence as defined by United States v. Agurs, 427 U.S. 97, 96 S.Ct. 2392, 49 L.Ed.2d 342 (1976), as well as the prejudice to the defendant must be considered. It may be, in some cases, that dismissal is the appropriate result, while in others conviction of a lesser offense is mandated. See, State v. Herrera, 365 So. 2d 399 (Fla.3d DCA 1978), cert. denied, 373 So. 2d 459 (Fla.1979). The burden is on the state to demonstrate the absence of prejudice and the materiality of the alleged murder weapon. State v. Sobel, supra.

Clearly, the testimony of the non-attending witness, with respect to the second knife, is integrally related to the alleged murder weapon, which was destroyed. Inasmuch as her deposition has not been taken, nor has her testimony been submitted to cross-examination, it remains to be seen what the full force and effect of her statement will be. Until such time, it would be difficult to assay the result of the balancing test.

Accordingly, the defendant’s adjudications are both reversed and remanded with directions, and at a minimum, for a new trial with respect to the charge of aggravated assault.

. The defendant was charged in Count I of the information with an aggravated battery. He was convicted of the lesser included offense of aggravated assault. It is well settled law that the conviction of a lesser included offense is an acquittal of the higher offense and therefore retrial for aggravated battery is prohibited under the principles of double jeopardy. Bradley v. State, 378 So. 2d 870 (Fla.2d DCA 1979).


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Citator

Cited By

  • Kelley v. State, 486 So. 2d 578 (Fla. 1986)
    ….Ed.2d 239 (1981). In resolution of this necessarily speculative analysis, appellate courts have tended to defer to the findings of the trial court on the matter. Sobel, 363 So. 2d at 328; Smith v. State, 400 So. 2d 956 (Fla.1981); Krantz v. State, 405 So. 2d 211, 212 (Fla. 3d DCA 1981); Budman v. State, 362 So. 2d 1022 (Fla. 3d DCA 1978). The trial court below specifically found that the destruction of the particular evidence here in question did not prejudice appellant’s case, or create an otherwise non-ex…
  • Carlton Bernard Tape v. State, 661 So. 2d 1287 (Fla. 4th DCA 1995)
    …ate, 377 So. 2d 193, 202 (Fla.3d DCA 1979), held that a trial court should determine the relevancy of the evidence and, if relevant, then the trial court is duty bound to enforce the defendant’s right to compulsory process. See also Krantz v. State, 405 So. 2d 211 (Fla.3d DCA 1981). The evidence against the appellant consisted of the testimony of Richmond Johnson and Detective Brady. Johnson testified as to the appellant’s part in the crime. However, he had never mentioned defendant in a conversation he had…
  • Carter v. State, 410 So. 2d 552 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982)
    …t’s constitutional right to present material, relevant, admissible evidence may not be thwarted by a trial court, Green v. State, 377 So. 2d 193 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979), cert. granted on other grounds, 395 So. 2d 532 (Fla.1981); see also Krantz v. State, 405 So. 2d 211 (Fla. 3d DCA 1981), under the circumstances of this case, we hold that a new trial is not required. An [*554] examination of the other evidence presented to the jury compels our conclusion that overwhelming evidence supports defendant Carter’s convi…

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