LEWIS KEITH FIRESTONE, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 4th DCA | 1981-12-30
No. 81-109
407 So. 2d 1070 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (1981) Positive Treatment
Cited by 4 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Lewis Firestone appeals his conviction for trespass with a firearm and battery after entering his ex-girlfriend's home where she was with another man. The court affirms, holding that circumstantial evidence of the defendant's forceful entry and aggressive conduct sufficiently established non-consensual entry despite the absence of testimony from the property owner.


Holding

The court affirmed the conviction, holding that the circumstantial evidence, though not including testimony from the property owner, permits but one reasonable inference of non-consensual entry. The jury properly rejected the defendant's conflicting testimony regarding his invitation onto the premises and could infer non-consensual entry from the defendant's aggressive conduct and the near-instantaneous sequence of forceful entry followed by assault.


Headnotes

[1] Circumstantial evidence, if not equivocal, may support a criminal conviction by permitting only one reasonable inference of guilt.

[2] A jury may reject all of a defendant's testimony if it finds that some of the testimony was false.

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Key Quotes

“the evidence, albeit circumstantial, is not equivocal; it permits but one reasonable inference: that the defendant entered the premises without Ms. Ca-gle's consent.”

Establishes the court's standard for evaluating circumstantial evidence of non-consensual entry and rejects the defendant's argument that the evidence was ambiguous.

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Facts & Procedural History

The defendant, armed with a pistol, arrived at the home of his former girlfriend Essie Cagle and discovered she was with another man, John Sczymanski.…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

Defendant appeals his conviction for trespass with a firearm and battery. We affirm.

The factual setting involves three people: the defendant/former boyfriend who arrived at the home of his former girlfriend, Essie Cagle, only to discover that she was with another man, John Sczymanski. The jury concluded that the defendant, armed with a pistol, trespassed into the home of Ms. Cagle and committed a battery upon her. On appeal, the defendant asserts that since Ms. Cagle did not testify at trial, there is a critical void as to proof of non-consensual entry and thus, he claims, the trespass conviction must be set aside. We disagree.

Defendant’s legal contention is that his conviction for trespass with a firearm is dependent upon ambiguous circumstantial evidence which could just as easily support a finding of innocence. The record, however, reflects that the evidence, albeit circumstantial, is not equivocal; it permits but one reasonable inference: that the defendant entered the premises without Ms. Ca-gle’s consent.

The defendant testified that he was invited onto the premises by Ms. Cagle and that she, in turn, asked John Sczymanski to leave. Sczymanski, on the other hand, offered a totally different version of the night’s events. Thus, the jury was faced with a basic credibility question and, in accord with Standard Criminal Jury Instruction 2.13(e)4, “Impeachment — Some False Testimony,” the jury was well within its province to reject all of the defendant’s testimony. Moreover, we believe that the testimony about the defendant’s conduct immediately before and after his entry onto the premises ineluctably established an inference of non-consensual entry.

The time was somewhere around 10:00 p. m. John Sczymanski and Essie Cagle were inside the home; Lewis Firestone was outside. Sczymanski testified, “We were laying there and we heard a large or heavy banging on the doors .... [I]t wasn’t a knocking, it was like somebody hammering on the building with force.” Next there was the breaking of glass. This was followed by a brief, inaudible exchange between Essie Cagle and the defendant. Then, almost instantly, the defendant, followed by Cagle, entered the living room. He started toward Sczymanski and Ms. Ca-gle said, “ ‘Don’t’ or ‘No,’ or something. It was happening fast.” The defendant turned and hit Essie Cagle hard — so hard that her mother later described Essie Cagle as having been beaten to a pulp. Then the defendant took a gun from his pants and began firing at Sczymanski.

The near instantaneousness of the transaction coupled with the consistent aggressive and assaultive conduct of the defendant, in our view, firmly establish an inference of nonconsensual entry. Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of guilty as to both crimes.

DOWNEY and HURLEY, JJ., concur. BERANEK, J., dissents with opinion.

Dissent
BERANEK, Judge,

BERANEK, Judge,

dissenting.

Under my interpretation of the record, the relevant events were not quite so instantaneous as the majority suggests. Moreover, when viewed in context, defendant’s version of the events is very plausible. John Sczymanski testified that he heard loud banging at the front door of the house, but he stayed in the bedroom while Essie Cagle answered the knocking. Sczymanski heard the sound of glass breaking and loud voices coming from the front part of the house. He could not, however, relate what was said.

The defendant testified that the breaking glass resulted from his heavy banging when there was no initial response to his knocking. He stated that when Essie Cagle finally approached, she told him to go to a side door and she admitted him. Defendant did enter through the side door which was not broken or forced open. It was not until after he entered that he discovered the other man in the house. The State intended to call Essie Cagle as a witness but, at the time of trial, she did not appear. Thus, there was no direct evidence as to whether he entered with or without her consent. Under the circumstances, I believe both consensual and nonconsensual entry are reasonable conclusions and, therefore, the construction indicating innocence should be accepted. Sindrich v. State, 322 So. 2d 589 (Fla. 1st DCA 1975).


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Citator

Cited By

  • Knight v. State, 107 So. 3d 449 (Fla. 5th DCA 2013)
    …4th DCA 1991) (“It is black-letter of course that intent, being a state of mind, is rarely if ever susceptible of direct proof. Almost inevitably, as here, it must be shown solely by circumstantial evidence.”) (citation omitted); Firestone v. State, 407 So. 2d 1070, 1071 (Fla. 4th DCA 1981) (holding that circumstantial evidence [*465] was sufficient to support a jury finding that defendant entered a home without the victim’s consent, thereby upholding a burglary conviction). In recognizing that a defendant’s o…
  • State v. Clyatt, 976 So. 2d 1182 (Fla. 5th DCA 2008)
    …ate, 844 So. 2d 629, 636-37 (Fla.2003) (holding that the state’s circumstantial evidence was legally sufficient to establish that the victim did not consent to being tied to a tree, and thereby upholding a kidnapping conviction); Firestone v. State, 407 So. 2d 1070, 1071 (Fla. 4th DCA 1981) (holding that circumstantial evidence was sufficient to support a jury finding that defendant entered a home without the victim’s consent, and thereby upholding a burglary conviction); see also, Hufham v. State, 400 So. 2d…

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