IN RE ESTATE OF LEONARD SCHORR, DECEASED
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Sadie Schorr challenged an order declaring her a tenant in common rather than sole owner of Florida property she shared with Leonard Schorr. The court affirmed, holding that Leonard's 1972 Dominican Republic divorce from his first wife Dora was invalid because Leonard lacked domiciliary intent in the Dominican Republic, meaning he remained married to Dora and could not convey the homestead property without her joinder.
The court held that the Dominican Republic divorce was invalid because Leonard lacked good faith domiciliary intent in the Dominican Republic, so he remained married to Dora at the time of his death. Because Leonard was under a legal obligation to support Dora, a family-in-law relationship existed and his interest in the property was subject to homestead, which could not be conveyed without Dora's joinder. Therefore, the quitclaim deed was void, and Leonard's interest passed to Dora as a life estate with a vested remainder to his son Jerome.
[1] A state is not required to give full faith and credit to divorces rendered in foreign nations; recognition of such decrees is a matter of comity.
[2] For a foreign divorce decree to be recognized under the doctrine of judicial comity, the grounds for divorce must be sufficient under the recognizing state's law, and the…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“States are not required to give full faith and credit to divorces rendered in foreign nations. Whether a state will give force and effect to a foreign divorce decree is solely a question of comity.”
Establishes the foundational principle that foreign divorces are recognized in Florida only as a matter of judicial comity, not as a matter of constitutional right.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceLeonard Schorr married Dora in 1929 and they were domiciled in New York. In 1972, while Dora was institutionalized, Leonard obtained a divorce decree …
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HURLEY, Judge.
Sadie Smolev Schorr, the alleged second wife of Leonard Schorr, challenges an order which declares that she is a tenant in common, rather than a sole owner, of certain property in Tamarac, Florida. We affirm.
Leonard Schorr married his first and only wife, Dora, in 1929. Then and afterwards, they were domiciliaries of New York State. In late August of 1970, Dora was committed to a mental hospital in New York. In 1972, while still institutionalized but not declared legally incompetent, Dora executed a special power of attorney appointing a Dominican Republic lawyer to represent her in divorce proceedings instituted in the Dominican Republic by Leonard.
On February 29, 1972, the Court of First Instance of the Judicial District, Santa Domingo, Dominican Republic, decreed that Leonard and Dora Schorr were divorced. Leonard immediately returned to New York and continued to reside there for the next year. In 1973 Leonard and appellant, Sadie Smolev Schorr, moved to Broward County, Florida where they held themselves out as husband and wife. At no time, however, did Leonard marry Sadie Smolev. Yet, in 1973 a warranty deed was executed conveying property which is the subject of this controversy from a developer to “Leonard Schorr and Sadie Schorr, his wife.” This parcel, located at 7006 N. W. 89th Avenue, Tamarac, Florida, was the Florida residence of Leonard Schorr and Sadie Smolev Schorr.
On September 10, 1975, Leonard and Sadie executed a quitclaim deed which purported to convey the residential property to themselves “as joint tenants with rights of survivorship.” Thereafter, Leonard died on October 17, 1976. Sadie then claimed and took complete possession of the property as the surviving joint tenant.
Next, Leonard’s son, Jerome, individually and as the personal representative of his father’s estate, filed a petition to declare that Leonard’s interest in the property was subject to homestead. The rationale underlying this contention was that the Dominican Republic divorce was invalid and, as a consequence, Leonard’s and Sadie’s effort to convey the property to themselves as joint tenants without obtaining Dora’s joinder in the deed, rendered the conveyance invalid. Thus, Jerome claimed that Dora and Sadie were tenants in common. The trial court concurred.
Whether the property is Sadie’s alone, as surviving joint tenant, or must be shared by Sadie and Dora as tenants in common, hinges upon Leonard’s marital status at the time of his death. As noted, the trial court found that Leonard remained married to Dora. We agree.
States are not required to give full faith and credit to divorces rendered in foreign nations. Whether a state will give force and effect to a foreign divorce decree is solely a question of comity. Parker v. Parker, 155 Fla. 635, 21 So. 2d 141 (1945), cert. denied, 326 U.S. 718, 66 S.Ct. 23, 90 L.Ed. 425 (1945); Schwartz v. Schwartz, 143 So. 2d 901 (Fla.2d DCA 1962).
To actuate the doctrine of judicial comity a foreign judgment must partake of the elements which would support it if procured in this country. For example, the grounds relied upon must be sufficient under Florida law and the petitioning party must satisfy the jurisdictional requirements relating to domicile. Pawley v. Pawley, 46 So. 2d 464 (Fla.), cert. denied, 340 U.S. 866, 71 S.Ct. 90, 95 L.Ed. 632 (1950); Kittel v. Kittel, 194 So. 2d 640 (Fla.3d DCA 1967), cert. discharged, 210 So. 2d 1 (Fla.1967); Annot., 13 A.L.R.3d 1419 (1967).
It has long been held that Florida courts will not recognize a foreign nation’s divorce decree unless at least one of the spouses was a good faith domiciliary of the foreign nation at the time the decree was rendered. 26 Fla.Jur.2d Family Law § 798 (1981); Schwartz v. Schwartz, supra; Kittel v. Kittel, supra; accord, Williams v. North Carolina, 325 U.S. 226, 65 S.Ct. 1092, 89 L.Ed. 1577 (1945).
In the instant case, it is clear that Leonard was not a good faith domiciliary of the Dominican Republic. His stay there lasted only six days. He returned to New York immediately after the decree was rendered and remained there for more than a year before moving to Florida. Thus, it is demonstrable that Leonard had no intention of remaining in the Dominican Republic. Accordingly, the trial court was eminently correct in refusing to honor the Dominican Republic’s decree, see Kittel v. Kittel, supra, and in concluding that Leonard remained married to Dora.
This brings us to the question whether the Florida property, which Leonard owned as a tenant in common, could be subject to homestead. We answer in the affirmative. See 29 Fla.Jur.2d Homesteads § 21 (1981).
Although there must be a family for the homestead right to exist, Florida recognizes both a ‘family-in-law’ and a ‘family-in-fact.’ To determine whether either exists, one of the following two tests must be met: (1) there must be a legal duty to maintain another person be cause of the family relationship, or (2) there must be a continuing communal living by at least two persons in which one is recognized as the person in charge. 29 Fla.Jur.2d Homesteads §§ 25-27 (1981).
Limiting ourselves to a consideration of Leonard’s status vis-a-vis Dora, it is certain that it satisfied the requirements for a family-in-law since Leonard had a legal obligation to support Dora. Leonard was under a New York court order to support Dora and the record indicates that, in fact, he did provide such support.
Consequently, we hold that Leonard’s interest in the property was subject to homestead and could not be conveyed without Dora’s joinder. Art. X, § 4, para, (c), Fla.Const.
Accordingly, Leonard’s effort to quitclaim the property to himself and Sadie as joint tenants with rights of survivorship was a nullity.
Thus, his one-half undivided interest passed at his death to Dora, as a life estate, with his son, Jerome, receiving a vested remainder interest. The determination of the trial court was correct and its order is affirmed.
MOORE and GLICKSTEIN, JJ., concur.
HURLEY, J.
Appellant, by motion for rehearing, suggested that the trial court and this court erred by failing to apply the decisional law of the State of New York regarding principles of comity and the validity of Dominican Republic divorces in the State of New York. Before reaching the merits of this contention, we afforded appellant an opportunity to supplement the record on appeal to demonstrate that she had properly requested the trial court to take judicial notice of and apply New York law. Apparently, a court reporter was not present in the trial court and efforts to reconstruct the record have proved unavailing. Therefore, since it is appellant’s burden to provide an adequate record and to demonstrate error therefrom, the motion for rehearing is denied.
GLICKSTEIN and DELL, JJ., concur.
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Georg Arthur Josef Maria Beaucamp v. Beaucamp, 508 So. 2d 419 (Fla. 2d DCA 1987)…in this case, we would also have held it proper for the circuit court to dismiss the petition on principles of comity. See, e.g., Pawley v. Pawley, 46 So. 2d 464 (Fla.1950); Baron v. Baron, 454 So. 2d 86 (Fla. 4th DCA 1984); In re Estate of Schorr, 409 So. 2d 487 (Fla. 4th DCA 1981).…
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Kelley v. Kelley, 147 So. 3d 597 (Fla. 4th DCA 2014)…crucial difference between Kant and this case is that the Full Faith and Credit Clause was not at issue, since “[sjtates are not required to give full faith and credit to divorces rendered in foreign nations ” such as Mexico. In re Schorr’s Estate, 409 So. 2d 487, 489 (Fla. 4th DCA 1981) (emphasis added). Bound by the precepts of full faith and credit, Gordon III was required — unlike the children in Kant — to demonstrate his ability to bring the action under the foreign state’s jurisprudence. Since, as disc…
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Routman v. Yanick Desvarieux, 467 So. 2d 1090 (Fla. 3d DCA 1985)…support his children which he in fact discharged, and thus that the home was properly adjudicated as homestead under article X, section 4(c), Florida Constitution. Holden v. Estate of Gardner, 420 So. 2d 1082 (Fla.1982);1 see In re Estate of Schorr, 409 So. 2d 487 (Fla. 4th DCA 1981). Indeed, in Estate of Deem v. Shinn, 297 So. 2d 611 (Fla. 4th DCA 1974), which is the very definition of an a fortiori case, the court reached this conclusion on facts very much like these, even though, unlike Dr. Desvarieux, the…
Previewing 3 of 5 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Williams v. North Carolina, 325 U.S. 226 (U.S. 1945)
- Pawley v. Pawley, 46 So.2d 464 (Fla. 1950)
- Kittel v. Anne B. Kittel, 210 So. 2d 1 (Fla. 1967)
- Dency Parker v. Parker, 155 Fla. 635 (Fla. 1945)
- Pennsylvania ex rel. Master v. Baldi, 340 U.S. 866 (U.S. 1950)
- Story v. Snyder, 340 U.S. 866 (U.S. 1950)
- Kittel v. Anne B. Kittel, 194 So. 2d 640 (Fla. 3d DCA 1967)
- Schwartz v. Schwartz, 143 So. 2d 901 (Fla. 2d DCA 1962)
- Parker v. Parker, 326 U.S. 718 (U.S. 1945)
- Hamburger v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 326 U.S. 718 (U.S. 1945)