TIMOTHY TED COOPER, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 1st DCA | 1982-04-29
Nos. AF-438, AF-445
McCORD, ERVIN and SHAW, JJ., concur.
413 So. 2d 1244 Florida District Court of Appeal, First District (1982) Caution
Cited by 6 cases

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Synopsis

Timothy Cooper appeals his convictions for two counts of attempted first-degree murder, arguing that the prosecution improperly cross-examined him about his silence at a previous trial, violating his constitutional right against self-incrimination. The court reversed the convictions based on this constitutional violation and addressed additional trial errors to prevent recurrence at retrial.


Holding

The court held that cross-examination of Cooper on his silence at the previous trial violated his fundamental right not to be a witness against himself under the Florida Constitution and constitutes reversible error under Florida law. The court also identified other improper prosecutorial comments and jury instructions but did not determine whether these independently warranted reversal.


Headnotes

[1] Cross-examination of a defendant regarding their silence at a previous trial violates the fundamental right not to be a witness against oneself under the Florida Constitu…

[2] The State may not cross-examine a defendant on their prior silence, even if the defendant testifies at a subsequent trial.

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Key Quotes

“At this previous trial Cooper exercised his fundamental right not to testify...At retrial, Cooper chose to take the stand, contending that he had not premeditated the attempted murders and was guilty of lesser included offenses. Over objection, the State cross-examined Cooper on his silence at his previous trial.”

Establishes the core factual dispute—whether the prosecution could cross-examine the defendant about exercising his right to remain silent at a prior trial.

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Facts & Procedural History

Cooper was previously convicted of two counts of attempted murder and exercised his right not to testify at that trial. This Court reversed those conv…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

Appellant Cooper appeals two convictions for attempted first degree murder for which two consecutive forty-year sentences were imposed. Cooper raises multiple points on appeal. We reverse on the ground that cross-examination of Cooper on his silence at a previous trial violated his fundamental right not to be a witness against himself in violation of article I, section 9 of the Florida Constitution. Although this finding moots the remaining points raised by Cooper, we address certain of these points so as to prevent recurrence at any retrial.

Cooper was previously convicted on two charges of attempted murder. At this previous trial Cooper exercised his fundamental right not to testify. This Court reversed the convictions on the authority of Tascano v. State, 393 So. 2d 540 (Fla.1980). At retrial, Cooper chose to take the stand, contending that he had not premeditated the attempted murders and was guilty of lesser included offenses. Over objection, the State cross-examined Cooper on his silence at his previous trial. The trial court denied the objection to the cross-examination, a motion for mistrial, and a motion for a curative instruction.

The State urges that its cross-examination was permissible because Cooper’s previous silence was inconsistent with his testifying at retrial. We see no inconsistency and are not persuaded by the State’s argument that Raffel v. United States, 271 U.S. 494, 46 S.Ct. 566, 70 L.Ed. 1054 (1926) and Jenkins v. Anderson, 447 U.S. 231, 100 S.Ct. 2124, 65 L.Ed.2d 86 (1980) permit such cross-examination. Even if we were persuaded that federal case law permits such examination, we would be constrained to reverse since it is well settled that such examination is not permitted under Florida law and is reversible error. See Simmons v. State, 139 Fla. 645, 190 So. 756 (1939), Willinsky v. State, 360 So. 2d 760 (Fla.1978), and Clark v. State, 363 So. 2d 331 (Fla.1978).

Appellant further urges that the State’s action in cross-examining Cooper on his pri-or silence was so egregiously contrary to well-settled law as to constitute prosecutorial overreaching and to justify dismissing the information and discharging the defendant, Cooper. Although we agree that the questioning was constitutionally impermissible, a reversal is sufficient to remove the error and we see no prejudice to Cooper in receiving a new trial.

Appellant also argues that the trial court committed various other errors which prevented Cooper from receiving a fair trial. In instructing the jury on lesser included offenses, the trial court commented:

Ladies and Gentlemen, you may wonder why all these lesser included charges are given, and I will only tell you that wiser heads than mine have decreed as a matter of law they must be given.

In this connection, we note also the prosecutor’s improper comments in his closing argument that the lesser included offenses were “an old defense trick” when there was no chance of acquittal and the defense wants to get less than what the man really is guilty of. The trial court properly sustained an objection to these remarks. However, the import of both the trial court and prosecutor’s comments is essentially the same: the lesser included offenses are irrelevant. Because we reverse on other grounds, we have not attempted to determine whether these comments would warrant reversal. We limit ourselves to pointing out that both are improper and serve no useful or legitimate purpose.

Appellant further urges that other errors were committed by the prosecutor in his closing argument by reference to an unrelated prior conviction and to the inability of the police to determine Cooper’s motives because of the refusal of Cooper’s lawyer to permit further questioning of Cooper. The trial court denied an objection to the former and granted an objection to the latter. We consider both comments improper. REVERSED and REMANDED for proceedings consistent with this opinion.

McCORD, ERVIN and SHAW, JJ., concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • McGEE v. State, 435 So. 2d 854 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983)
    …ns on this point. See, Cochran v. State, 280 So. 2d 42 (Fla. 1st DCA 1973); Reed v. State, 333 So. 2d 524 (Fla. 1st DCA 1976); Simpson v. State, 352 So. 2d 125 (Fla. 1st DCA 1977); Melton v. State, 402 So. 2d 30 (Fla. 1st DCA 1981); Cooper v. State, 413 So. 2d 1244 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982); and Westley v. State, 416 So. 2d 18 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982). However, because of the absence of any substantial factual controversy which possibly could have been influenced one way or the other by this argument, we find harmless er…
  • Molina v. State, 447 So. 2d 253 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983)
    …ioning of defendant concerning his failure to testify before the grand jury investigating the crime); Willinsky v. State, 360 So. 2d 760 (Fla.1978) (questioning of defendant concerning his failure to testify at preliminary hearing); Cooper v. State, 413 So. 2d 1244 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982), rev. denied, 421 So. 2d 518 (Fla.1982) (questioning of defendant concerning his silence at prior trial); Weiss v. State, 341 So. 2d 528 (Fla. 3d DCA 1977) (questioning of defendant concerning his failure to give exculpatory expl…
  • Melvee Tucker v. State, 417 So. 2d 1006 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982)
    …rder is that the defendant, although responsible for the death, lacked the requisite premeditation and was guilty at most of second-degree murder or manslaughter, see State v. Davis, 411 So. 2d 1354, 1355-56 n. 1 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982); Cooper v. State, 413 So. 2d 1244 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982) (defense to attempted first-degree murder charges, no premeditation); Case Comment, Waiver of the Statute of Limitations in Criminal Prosecutions: United States v. Wild, 90 Harv.L.Rev. 1550,1555 n. 46 (1977), it would be a denial…

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