CITY OF LAKE WALES, FLORIDA, PETITIONER,
v.
LAMAR ADVERTISING ASSOCIATION OF LAKELAND, FLORIDA, RESPONDENT

Fla. | 1982-04-08
No. 60635
SUNDBERG, C. J., and BOYD, OVER-TON and ALDERMAN, JJ., concur., ADKINS, J., dissents.
414 So. 2d 1030 Florida Supreme Court (1982) Positive Treatment
Cited by 22 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

The Florida Supreme Court held that municipalities may constitutionally distinguish between off-site billboards and on-site signs based on aesthetic considerations and restrict off-site sign size accordingly. The decision overruled prior Florida precedent (Sunad) that had refused to recognize aesthetic differences between the two types of signs.


Holding

Yes. A municipality has constitutional authority to make aesthetic-based distinctions between on-site and off-site signs and to restrict the size of off-site signs. The Court overruled Sunad, Inc. v. City of Sarasota to the extent it rejected aesthetic distinctions between the two sign types.


Headnotes

[1] Municipalities may separately classify off-site advertising signs and on-site signs solely on the basis of aesthetics, thereby restricting the size of off-site signs.

[2] Regulation of outdoor advertising for aesthetic purposes alone is a valid exercise of the police power.

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Key Quotes

“Can a municipality separately classify off-site advertising signs and on-site signs solely on the basis of aesthetics, thereby restricting the size of off-site signs?”

The certified question presented to the Florida Supreme Court, which the Court answered affirmatively.

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Facts & Procedural History

Lake Wales amended its sign ordinance in 1978 to first prohibit all off-premises signs, then to permit them only in commercial and industrial district…

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Opinion of the Court
McDONALD, Justice.

McDONALD, Justice.

The Second District Court of Appeal has certified the following question as being of great public importance:

Can a municipality separately classify off-site advertising signs and on-site signs solely on the basis of aesthetics, thereby restricting the size of off-site signs?

City of Lake Wales v. Lamar Advertising Association, 399 So. 2d 981, 987 (Fla. 2d DCA 1981). We have jurisdiction. Art. V, § 3(b)(4), Fla.Const. We answer the question in the affirmative.

In March 1978 Lake Wales amended its sign ordinance to prohibit all off-premises signs. Prior to this amendment, the city’s sign code permitted off-site signs, but limited their size to 200 square feet. Lamar is in the business of installing and maintaining outdoor advertising signs, specifically 300-square-foot billboards that carry both local and nationally distributed advertisements. In May 1978 Lamar applied to the city for a permit to install a 300-square-foot billboard on a leased site in a commercially zoned area of Lake Wales. The city denied the application.

Lamar sued for issuance of the permit, and the trial court held the ordinance unconstitutional. Pursuant to the court’s order to consider amending the ordinance, the city again revised its sign code. The amendment permitted off-site signs in commercial and industrial districts and limited their size to 200 square feet. The parties submitted the new ordinance to the trial court by stipulation. The court held it unconstitutional, finding the ordinance both unreasonable and discriminatory.

On appeal the city challenged two aspects of the judgment: (1) holding the 200-square-foot limit unconstitutional and (2) ruling that the state Department of Transportation’s Highway Beautification Program preempted municipal billboard regulations. The district court held that the state beautification program had not preempted local regulation, but upheld declaring the ordinance unconstitutional. Relying on Sunad, Inc. v. City of Sarasota, 122 So. 2d 611 (Fla.1960), as did the trial court, the district court found “no valid reason for distinguishing between billboards and on-site advertising signs.” 399 So. 2d at 985. Recognizing a trend toward change in this area of the law, however, the court certified the question set out above.

Several months after the issuance of the instant district court decision, the United States Supreme Court released its opinion in Metromedia, Inc. v. City of San Diego, 453 U.S. 490, 101 S.Ct. 2882, 69 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981). San Diego enacted an ordinance prohibiting outdoor advertising display signs except for on-site signs and those fitting within twelve specified categories.1 With two justices concurring in the judgment, the court’s plurality found that the ordinance violated the first amendment by impermissibly affording more protection to commercial speech than to noncommercial speech.

In its exhaustive and comprehensive opinion leading to striking down San Diego’s ordinance, the plurality sustained the distinction between off-site and on-site signs as set out in Suffolk Outdoor Advertising Co., Inc. v. Hulse, 43 N.Y.2d 483, 373 N.E. 2d 263, 402 N.Y.S.2d 368 (1977), appeal dismissed, 439 U.S. 808, 99 S.Ct. 66, 58 L.Ed.2d 101 (1978). In Suffolk the New York Court of Appeals upheld a town ordinance totally banning off-premises or nonaccessory billboards. Because the ordinance did not attempt to regulate the content of the signs, regulating only the place and manner of their maintenance, the court found no first amendment violation.2 The court went on to find that regulation of outdoor advertising for aesthetic purposes alone is a valid exercise of the police power and that the ordinance in question met the two-part test of having a valid basis and of being reasonably related to the objective for which it was enacted.3

Prior to Sunad, this Court had recognized that there is a relationship between signs and the general welfare and well-being of a community from the standpoint of aesthetics. Dade County v. Gould, 99 So. 2d 236 (Fla.1957); Merritt v. Peters, 65 So. 2d 861 (Fla.1953). See City of Miami Beach v. Ocean & Inland Co., 147 Fla. 480, 3 So. 2d 364 (1941). Indeed, in Merritt this Court ruled that the size of signs could be restricted on the basis of aesthetics alone. Sunad followed this line of reasoning, and the Court agreed that aesthetic considerations can be just cause for regulating signs. The Sunad Court, however, refused to recognize any aesthetic difference between on-and off-site signs. As pointed out by the district court in its well-documented opinion,4 numerous jurisdictions have gone the opposite direction. We find this Court’s refusal in Sunad to recognize an aesthetic difference between on-site and off-site signs to be contrary to the majority and better-reasoned view, and we recede from that holding. We agree that “[zjon-ing solely for aesthetic purposes is an idea whose time has come; it is not outside the scope of the police power.” Westfield Motor Sales Co. v. Town of Westfield, 129 N.J.Super. 528, 539, 324 A. 2d 113, 119 (1974).

Cities have the authority to take steps to minimize sight pollution and, if in doing so they find it reasonably necessary to make a distinction between on-site and off-site signs, there is no constitutional impediment preventing that distinction. We therefore answer the district court’s question in the affirmative, and, while the district court acted responsibly by following the decisions of this Court, we now disapprove that portion of the opinion dealing with the question, and remand for reconsideration in light of our answer. We approve the district court’s holding that the state highway beautification program does not preempt municipal regulations which establish more stringent requirements than those set out in chapter 479, Florida Statutes (1979).

It is so ordered.

SUNDBERG, C. J., and BOYD, OVER-TON and ALDERMAN, JJ., concur. ADKINS, J., dissents.

. The categories included, among other signs, governmental signs, religious symbols, and time-temperature-news signs. Metromedia, Inc. v. City of San Diego, 453 U.S. 490, 101 S.Ct. 2882, 2886, 69 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981).

. We find the instant ordinance narrower than that of San Diego and, therefore, closer to the ordinance in Suffolk. The text of the Lake Wales billboard ordinance is set out in 399 So. 2d at 982 n.2.

.Numerous jurisdictions besides New York have addressed regulations prohibiting advertising signs with many cases collected at An-not., 81 A.L.R.3d 486 (1977).

. 399 So. 2d at 985.


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  • Lamar-Orlando Outdoor Advertising v. City OF Ormond Beach, 415 So. 2d 1312 (Fla. 5th DCA 1982)
    …v. Public Service Comm. of New York, 447 U.S. 557, 100 S.Ct. 2343, 2351, 65 L.Ed.2d 341 (1980). . See, e.g., Metromedia, Inc. v. City of San Diego, 453 U.S. 490, 101 S.Ct. 2882, 69 L.Ed.2d 800 (1981); City of Lake Wales v. Lamar Advertising Assoc., 414 So. 2d 1030 (Fla.1982).…
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  • Lowell Joseph Kuvin v. City OF Coral Gables, 45 So. 3d 836 (Fla. 3d DCA 2010)
    …pearance of their communities as a legitimate exercise of their inherent police power.” City of Sunrise v. D.C.A. Homes, 421 So. 2d 1084, 1085 (Fla. 4th DCA 1982) (emphasis added); see also City of Lake Wales v. Lamar Adver. Ass’n of Lakeland, Fla., 414 So. 2d 1030, 1032 (Fla.1982) (recognizing that “[z]oning solely for aesthetic purposes is an idea whose time has come; it is not outside the scope of the police power”) (quoting Westfield Motor Sales Co. v. Town of Westfield, 129 N.J.Super. 528, 324 A. 2d 113,…
  • City OF Sunrise v. D.C.A. Homes, Inc., 421 So. 2d 1084 (Fla. 4th DCA 1982)
    …firmatively answered the question, “Can a municipality separately classify off-site advertising signs and on-site signs solely on the basis of aesthetics thereby restricting the size of off-site signs?” City of Lake Wales v. Lamar Advertising Ass’n, 414 So. 2d 1030 (Fla.1982). In answering this question the Supreme Court found it necessary to recede in part from Sunad, supra, and recognize that a valid distinction exists between on- and off-site signs. The Sunad Court, however, refused to recognize any aesthe…

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