THERESA B. DOYAL, APPELLANT,
v.
SCHOOL BOARD OF LIBERTY COUNTY, A/K/A THE BOARD OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION OF LIBERTY COUNTY, FLORIDA, A PUBLIC CORPORATION, AND LAQUITA SHULER, AS SUPERINTENDENT OF THE SCHOOL DISTRICT OF LIBERTY COUNTY AND INDIVIDUALLY, APPELLEES

Fla. 1st DCA | 1982-06-08
No. AD-246
ERVIN, BOOTH and THOMPSON, JJ., concur.
415 So. 2d 791 Florida District Court of Appeal, First District (1982) Caution
Cited by 22 cases

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Synopsis

The court held that a county, having improperly waived a bid irregularity and awarded a contract, was liable to the next lowest bidder for damages, but not for lost profits.


Holding

The court held that Liberty County was liable to Baxter's Asphalt for damages, including costs and attorney's fees, based on an implied promise to comply with the competitive bid statute, but not for lost profits.


Headnotes

[1] The tort of malicious interference with a contractual relationship requires an intentional interference with a contract between two parties where one party is induced to…

[2] A party to an employment relationship, such as a superintendent with dual control over school operations, cannot be considered a third party for the purposes of the tort…

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Facts & Procedural History

Liberty County advertised for road resurfacing bids, allowing two alternates. Gulf Asphalt, the low bidder, inadvertently bid on only one alternate. B…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

The order here appealed is a final summary judgment entered for appellant on Counts I and II and for appellees on Counts III and IV of appellant’s amended complaint. Appellant raises as error the summary judgment for appellees on Count III and the denial of her prayer for attorney’s fees.

Count III of the amended complaint alleged that the superintendent of schools tortiously interfered with appellant’s contractual relationship with the Liberty County School Board. The tort of malicious interference with a contractual relationship has been consistently defined by the Florida courts as an intentional interference with a contract between two persons where one of the parties is induced to breach the contract to the injury of the other. Dade Enterprises v. Wometco Theaters, 119 Fla. 70, 160 So. 209 (Fla.1935); West v. Troelstrup, 367 So. 2d 253 (Fla. 1st DCA 1979); Franklin v. Brown, 159 So. 2d 893 (Fla. 1st DCA 1964); Steffan v. Zernes, 124 So. 2d 495 (Fla. 1st DCA 1960). In the present case, the superintendent did not induce either appellant or the school board to breach the employment contract. The superintendent simply refused to sign appellant’s salary warrants causing the breach.

The present case is factually similar to the situation in West v. Troelstrup, supra. Troelstrup was the executive director of the Florida Department of Criminal Law Enforcement (FDCLE). Appellant in that case was employed by FDCLE until Troelstrup allegedly unlawfully discharged him from his employment. We held in that case that Troelstrup must be considered to be a party to the employment relationship stating:

The nature of the tort supports the determination that Troelstrup was not a third party to the employment relationship. A third party interferes with a contract or business relationship by influencing, inducing or coercing one of the parties to the relationship to abandon the relationship or breach the contract, thereby causing injury to the other party. If Troelstrup was a third party, who did he induce to terminate West? There is no allegation that Troelstrup influenced or induced anyone to terminate West. It appears that the only person who could have been induced to terminate West was Troelstrup himself. 367 So. 2d at 255.

In the present case, the superintendent did not induce the school board to breach the employment contract with appellant, it was the superintendent’s own conduct, in refusing to sign appellant’s salary warrants, which constituted the breach of the contract. And, although the superintendent may not have technically been a party to the employment contract, we agree with the trial court in its determination that the superintendent could not be considered a third party to the employment relationship for the purposes of the tort of malicious interference with a contractual relationship. Cf. Hollis v. School Board of Leon County, 384 So. 2d 661 (Fla. 1st DCA 1980) (where this court stated dual control is placed in both the superintendent and the school board for the operation and administration of the district school system). Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s order granting summary judgment in favor of appellees on this point.

Appellant also raises as error the trial court’s failure to grant appellant an attorney’s fee on the final summary judgment entered in appellant’s favor on Counts I and II. In those counts of her complaint, appellant sought enforcement of an order issued by the Public Employees Relations Commission and sought damages for the breach of appellant’s continuing contract of employment. Appellant contends she was entitled to an award of attorney’s fees under Section 57.105, Florida Statutes (1979), as there was a complete absence of justiciable issues of law raised by the losing party with regard to those counts of the complaint. Appellant further contends the trial court should have awarded her an attorney’s fee under Section 120.69(7), which provides for the prevailing party in a petition for enforcement to recover the costs of the litigation and a reasonable attorney’s fee, and under Section 448.08 which provides for successful litigants in actions for unpaid wages to recover costs of the action and a reasonable attorney’s fee. We agree that it was an abuse of discretion for the trial court to deny appellant a reasonable attorney’s fee under the facts of this case.

It appears from the record that this teacher was caught in a struggle for power between the superintendent and the school board. It is undisputed that appellant always reported to work where the school board directed her. Yet, the superintendent refused to sign appellant’s pay checks for a period of four months because the superintendent felt appellant should report to work at a different school. The superintendent further refused to comply with a PERC order, denying appellant certain benefits. Appellant then filed suit in circuit court to have the PERC order enforced and to obtain the wages which were wrongfully being withheld. Appellant incurred $6,000 worth of attorney’s fees in her successful attempt to recover $4,000 in unpaid salary and benefits. In enacting Section 448.08, the Legislature intended to avoid the inequity which would result if an employee were required to pay her own attorney’s fees in actions for unpaid wages.

Appellees contend that the trial court’s denial of attorney’s fees is justified in light of the fact that appellees made offers of judgment to appellant prior to summary judgment being entered. We note that these offers of judgment encompassed only appellant’s wages which were past due and the benefits which had been denied. The offers of judgment did not include any amount for the attorney’s fees already incurred by appellant in bringing the action and would not have made appellant whole.

Accordingly, we reverse the order of the trial court insofar as it denies appellant an attorney’s fee and we remand the case to the trial judge to determine a reasonable fee. In all other respects, the order is affirmed.

ERVIN, BOOTH and THOMPSON, JJ., concur.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By (12 total)

  • Gulf Solar, Inc. v. Westfall, 447 So. 2d 363 (Fla. 2d DCA 1984)
    …action and a reasonable attorney’s fee.” The trial court denied attorney’s fees “on the basis the commissions are not wages.” There appear to be only two Florida cases which discuss section 448.08. They are Doyal v. School Board of Liberty County, 415 So. 2d 791 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982) and Metropolitan Dade County v. Stein, 384 So. 2d 167 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980). Neither case is relevant to the case sub judice, and neither offers a definition of “wages.” Westfall refers us to section 440.02(12), Florida Statutes (1…
  • Cmty. Design Corp. v. Antonell, 459 So. 2d 343 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984)
    …and (b) Antonell was not a prevailing party because he did not prevail on all his claims and was awarded only part of what he sought on one of his claims. We reject both theories. The first district noted in Doyal v. School Board of Liberty County, 415 So. 2d 791, 793 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982) that the legislative intent in enacting section 448.08 was to avoid the inequity resulting from an employee being required to pay an attorney in actions for unpaid wages. The court in Gulf Solar, discussing section 448.08, u…
  • Tampa BAY Publ'ns, Inc. v. Watkins, 549 So. 2d 745 (Fla. 2d DCA 1989)
    …in counsel. By enacting section 448.08, the legislature obviously intended to avoid the inequities which would result if an employee were required to pay one’s own attorney’s fees in actions for unpaid wages. Doyal v. School Board of Liberty County, 415 So. 2d 791, 793 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982) (employee incurred $6,000.00 in attorney’s fees in successful attempt to recover $4,000.00 in unpaid wages and benefits; abuse of discretion not to award employee fees which would make her whole). We also observed that secti…

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