SOUTHERN BELL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, APPELLANT,
v.
ACME ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS, INC., APPELLEE
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Southern Bell appeals a jury verdict awarding Acme Electrical $309,000 in quantum meruit for extra electrical work performed during construction of a building addition. The court affirms, holding that quasi-contract recovery is available even when an express contract exists between the parties and their principal, and that substantial evidence supports the jury's award.
The court held that quasi-contract recovery is available where changes or alterations are requested even when an express contract exists with a principal, and certainly where no direct contract exists between the parties; that the question of accord and satisfaction is a question of intent for the jury, and the jury's finding against Southern Bell is binding; and that substantial competent evidence supports the jury's verdict.
[1] A quasi-contract action may be appropriate when parties have not entered into an express contract for the subject matter of the dispute.
[2] The existence of an express contract does not necessarily preclude the implication of another contract concerning the same subject matter if the evidence supports the par…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“where a construction contract exists and changes or alterations are requested "the law implies an obligation to pay the reasonable costs thereof in addition to the stipulated sum named by the parties in the original agreement."”
Establishes the core principle that quasi-contract recovery is available for extra work requested under construction contracts, even when an express contract with a principal exists
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceSouthern Bell hired a general contractor to build a $1.7 million addition to its building, with Acme as the electrical subcontractor at $304,000. As w…
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HURLEY, Judge.
Southern Bell appeals a jury verdict which awarded $309,000 as a quantum me-ruit return to Acme Electrical in a quasi-contract action. Since there is record evidence supporting this verdict, we affirm.
Southern Bell sought bids for the construction of an addition to one of its buildings. Acme Electrical Contractors, Inc., (Acme) was the electrical subcontractor under the final contract signed between Southern Bell and the general contractor. The proposed addition was to cost approximately $1,700,000. The electrical costs of this addition were $304,000.
As work on the addition progressed, Southern Bell began requesting many changes in the electrical portion of the new construction. Acme, which had no express contract with Southern Bell, performed these requested changes. Since many of the changes Southern Bell requested were “last minute” in nature, Acme incurred significant expenses in the form of labor costs as electricians waited for Southern Bell to complete its plans. Southern Bell’s changes also extended the project’s completion date from an estimated nine months to eighteen months duration. This extension resulted in significant additional overhead expenses for Acme. For example, even though many of the changes requested by Southern Bell were outside the contract between Southern Bell and the general contractor, Southern Bell insisted that Acme submit its requisitions for payment through the general contractor. The general contractor, knowing nothing of these changes, refused to authorize payments on many of the invoices or for the labor expended. An explosion of paperwork, as Acme submitted invoices to the general contractor, then to Southern Bell, resulted. Although Southern Bell admitted paying Acme for $113,000 worth of extras, Acme claimed that more than $300,-000 was still due. Consequently, Acme sued Southern Bell in a quasi-contract action, seeking a quantum meruit return to prevent Southern Bell’s unjust enrichment. After a lengthy trial, the jury returned a $309,000 verdict in Acme’s favor. Southern Bell appealed, arguing (1) that there can be no action in quasi-contract where an express contract between the parties exists, (2) that there was an accord and satisfaction between the parties and (3) that there was insubstantial evidence to support the jury’s award.
Southern Bell’s first argument rests on the principle that the law will not imply a contract where a valid express contract exists. Hazen v. Cobb, 96 Fla. 151, 117 So. 853 (Fla.1928); Solutec Corp. v. Young and Lawrence Associates, Inc., 243 So. 2d 605 (Fla. 4th DCA 1971). Professor Corbin, calling this statement “misleading,” notes that its real meaning is the following:
[W]here the parties have made an express contract, the court should not find a different one by “implication” concerning the same subject matter if the evidence does not justify an inference that they intended to make one.... [T]he fact that an express contract has been made does not prevent the parties from making another one tacitly, concerning the same subject matter or a different one.
3 A. L. Corbin, Corbin on Contracts § 564 (1960 ed.). Florida has followed this statement of the law. In DeLotto v. Fennell, 56 So. 2d 518 (Fla.1952), the Supreme Court noted that where a construction contract exists and changes or alterations are requested “the law implies an obligation to pay the reasonable costs thereof in addition to the stipulated sum named by the parties in the original agreement.” 56 So. 2d 518, 520. In the instant case, there was no express contract between Southern Bell and Acme. If the law allows quasi-contract recovery where an express contract already exists, it certainly will do so where there is no contract between the parties. For these reasons, we have no difficulty in finding that Acme properly stated a cause of action against Southern Bell.
Southern Bell’s second point on appeal is that an accord and satisfaction occurred between Southern Bell and Acme. Thus, Southern Bell maintains, Acme had no right to sue in the face of this defense.
Southern Bell’s accord and satisfaction argument stems from a meeting in Jacksonville, Florida where Acme and Southern Bell representatives met to discuss Acme’s claims. The meeting resulted in Acme’s accepting a cheek for some $47,000 on claims of approximately $80,000 against Southern Bell. Testimony indicated that Acme’s cash flow problems, rather than a resolution of the underlying dispute, prompted Acme’s acceptance of the check.
Generally, the determination of whether there is an accord and satisfaction is left to the finder of fact. Whether an accord and satisfaction exists is ordinarily a pure question of intent. Best Concrete Corp. v. Oswalt, 188 So. 2d 587 (Fla. 2d DCA 1966). In the instant case, the evidence of the parties’ intent was conflicting. The jury, as finder of fact, resolved this conflict against Southern Bell. We are bound by that determination.
Finally, Southern Bell argues that there was no substantial competent evidence to support the jury’s award in favor of Acme. Admittedly, the voluminous record in this case is filled with contradictory evidence as to what was owed and what had already been paid. After a detailed review of the record and the evidence, however, we find that substantial competent evidence exists which fully supports the jury’s verdicts.
For these reasons, the judgment below is affirmed. DOWNEY, J., concurs.
BERANEK, J., dissents with opinion.
BERANEK, Judge,
dissenting.
I disagree with the majority opinion as to the issue of accord and satisfaction. Under the facts and proofs in this case, I believe accord and satisfaction was demonstrated as a matter of law and I would thus reduce the judgment by approximately $34,000 and affirm with this modification.
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Miracle Ctr. Dev. Corp. v. M.A.D. Constr., Inc., 662 So. 2d 1288 (Fla. 3d DCA 1995)…M.A.D. One court has observed that quasi-contractual remedy may be available where two parties tacitly enter an agreement of some sort after an express contract between them exists. See Southern Bell Tel. & Tel. Co. v. Acme Elec. Contractors, Inc., 418 So. 2d 1187, 1189 (Fla. 4th DCA 1982) (citing 3 A.L. Cor-bin, Corbin on Contracts § 564 (I960)). The court also noted that “[i]f the law allows quasi-contract[ual] recovery where an express contract already exists, it certainly wiU do so where there is no contr…
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Fred McGILVRAY, Inc. v. The Delphian Grp., Inc., 424 So. 2d 891 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982)…herefore follows that quantum meruit recovery was not barred in this case, as urged, on an express contract theory. Hazen v. Cobb, 96 Fla. 151, 117 So. 853, 857-58 (1928). Southern Bell Telephone & Telegraph Co. v. Acme Electrical Contractors, Inc., 418 So. 2d 1187 (Fla. 4th DCA 1982). There was also sufficient evidence adduced below that the plaintiff Delphian conferred a benefit upon the defendant McGilvray which was compensable on a quantum me-ruit theory. Although the evidence is in dispute, there was subs…
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Miller v. Perez, 524 So. 2d 1084 (Fla. 4th DCA 1988)…. The record supports the trial court’s finding of fact and conclusions of law. Therefore we affirm the final judgment in favor of Perez for $40,000 on the authority of Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co. v. Acme Electrical Contractors, Inc., 418 So. 2d 1187 (Fla. 4th DCA 1982) and Rudick v. Rudick, 408 So. 2d 1091 (Fla. 3d DCA 1981). We also find support for our decision in Jobear, Inc. v. Dewind Machinery Co., 402 So. 2d 1357 (Fla. 4th DCA 1981). In Jobear we held that a plaintiff’s acceptance of a ch…
Previewing 3 of 9 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Hazen v. Cobb, 96 Fla. 151 (Fla. 1928)
- Solutec Corp. v. Young & Lawrence Assocs., Inc., 243 So. 2d 605 (Fla. 4th DCA 1971)
- Best Concrete Corp. v. Oswalt Eng'g Serv. Corp., 188 So. 2d 587 (Fla. 2d DCA 1966)
- De Lotto v. Fennell, 56 So. 2d 518 (Fla. 1952)