BIGGS ET AL.

v.

JOSHUA HENDY CORPORATION

ORR, Circuit Judge.

Appellants brought this action under § 16(b) of the Fair Labor Standards Act, as amended, 29 U.S.C.A. § 216(b), hereinafter referred to as the Act, to recover overtime compensation allegedly due from appellee under § 7(a) of the Act, 29 U.S.C.A. § 207(a) 1 Appellants were employed by appellee pursuant to the provisions of a collective bargaining agreement, the pertinent provisions of which appear in the footnote.2

On the swing shift, appellants were compensated for 45 hours. Of these hours, 7)4 were paid as overtime. The Act required only five of these hours to be paid as overtime. Therefore, appellee is entitled under § 7(g) to credit for 2)4 hours excess overtime premium per week. Since the overtime premium was one-half the regular hourly rate, the excess overtime premium was 2)4 x )4, or 1)4 tipies the regular hourly rate per week. The gross amount due appellants for each week in which they worked through lunch periods is the regular hourly rate times³ times 1)4, or the rate times 4)4. Subtracting 1)4 from 4)4 leaves³)4 times the regular hourly rate as the net amount due appellants for each week in which they worked through lunch periods on the swing shift.

On graveyard shift, appellants were compensated for 42 hours. Of these hours, 7 were paid as overtime. The Act required only two of these hours to be paid as overtime. Therefore, appellee is entitled under § 7(g) to credit for⁵ hours excess overtime premium per week. Since the overtime premium was one-half the regular hourly rate, the excess overtime premium was⁵ x )4, or 2)4 times the regular hourly rate per week. The gross amount due appellants for each week in which they worked through lunch periods is the regular hourly rate times³ times 1)4, or the rate times 4)4. Subtracting 2)4 from 4)4 leaves 2 times the regular hourly rate as the net amount due appellants for each week in which they worked through lunch periods on the graveyard shift.

Of course, if part of appellants’ work during the weeks here in question were performed on Sundays or holidays, for which work they were paid double the regular hourly rate in accordance with the contract, the amount of credit due under § 7(g) would necessarily be adjusted accordingly. To illustrate the' proper meth od of computation, assume an employee on the graveyard shift at a contract hourly rate of $1.50 per hour who has been compensated for the 42 hours of work per week, Monday through Saturday, as required by the contract but who has worked three extra hours per week during lunch periods without compensation. The overtime compensation due each week under § 7 should be computed as follows:

A. Regular hourly rate.

$1.50 x 8 = $12.00+15% premium = $13.80per day (straight time).

$13.80 x⁵ = 69.00 (paid for IVEonday through Friday)

$13.80 x 1\/2 — 20.70 (paid for Saturday)

$89.70 (total weekly compensation)

Less $13.80 x y2 — 6.90 (Saturday premium, § 7(d) (6))

$82.80 (weekly compensation includible in regular rate under § 7(a))

$82.80 = $1,971 (regular hourly rate under § 7(a))

42 (total compensated hours)

B. Credit under § 7(g).

Saturday hours compensated at time and one-half under § 7(d) (6) — 7

Less hours compensable at time and one-half under § 7(a) 42 — 40 — 2

Hours for which half time premium is creditable under § 7(g)⁵

C. Net overtime compensation due.

Gross overtime due per week under § 7(a) = 3 x 1% x $1,971 = $8.87

Less excess overtime creditable under § 7(g) = 5 x y2 x $1,971 = 4.93

Net overtime compensation due per week under § 7 $3.94

• The same result arrived at by the foregoing illustration of a method of computation is reached by the following alternative method.

Taking the sum of $82.80 as the weekly compensation includible in the regular rate pursuant to the wage agreement as made, it is apparent that since the employee on the graveyard shift actually worked three additional hours, the weekly compensation includible in the regular rate for a week including three additional hours would be 45 — of $82.80 or $88.71 +. 42

Dividing 88.71 + by 45 (actual number of hours worked) equals $1,971 + (regular hourly rate).

The amount required to be paid under the Act would therefore be calculated as follows:

40 hours x $1,971 + = $78.86.

$78.86 + $14.78 = $93.64 (amount required by the Act).

$89.70 (amount actually paid)

$ 3.94 Net amount due per week.

Appellee has cross-appealed, advancing several contentions in which we find no merit. First, appellee contends that it was not subject to the Act because it (appellee) was a cost-plus contractor under the United States Maritime Commission Wage Statute, 40 U.S.C.A. § 326 (1946), which, it is urged, precluded applicability of the Fair Labor Standards Act. Appellee further contends that because the ships it built were all delivered to the Government in (he same State in which they were manufactured, none of appellee’s employees were engaged in commerce or in production of goods for commerce within the meaning of the Fair Labor Standards Act, notwithstanding the fact that the Government had procured the ships for use in interstate and foreign commerce in carrying on the war. These contentions were answered by the Supreme Court adversely to appellee in Powell v. United States Cartridge Co., 339 U.S. 497, 70 S.Ct. 755.

Cross-appellants further contend that work performed by appellants during lunch periods cannot be the basis for recovery under the Fair Labor Standards Act by reason of § 2 of the Portal-to-Portal Act, 29 U.S.C.A., § 252, because such work is not made compensable by the express provision «of a contract within the meaning of § 2(a) '(1). That section is directed against claims for compensation for activities, such as dressing for work, traveling within the plant to the job location, etc., which are different from the activities which comprise the regular, normal part of the employment. The section has no application where, as here, the work for which compensation is being claimed is the same kind of work as was performed throughout the remainder of the workweek.

Appellee’s final contention on cross-appeal is that there is insufficient evidence to support the finding of the. trial court that appellant Biggs worked during all of his lunch periods. We think the evidence sustains the finding. He was on call at all times and time thus spent was compensable under the Fair Labor Standards Act. Armour & Co. v. Wantock, 1944, 323 U.S. 126, 65 S.Ct. 165, 89 L.Ed. 118; Skidmore v. Swift & Co., 1944, 323 U.S. 134, 65 S.Ct. 161, 89 L.Ed. 124.

It is apparent from-the record that the trial Judge understood and had in mind the correct approach to a proper solution of this case but felt he should follow the case of Joshua Hendy Corporation v. Mills, 9 Cir., 169 F. 2d 898. We are convinced that Joshua Hendy Corp. v. Mills, insofar as it related to the swing and graveyard shifts, was incorrectly decided and to the extent it conflicts with this opinion it is overruled.

What we have here said would call for a reversal of the judgment below. However, when this case was argued before us the parties did not argue the question of the constitutional validity of the retroactive provisions of § 216b of Title 29. We think that before the judgment of this court shall become final the parties should have an opportunity to be heard on the question. Accordingly, each party shall be granted until the 1st day of August, 1950, within which to file a supplemental brief upon such question, should either be so advised. The parties may, if they so choose, file typewritten briefs.

. Ҥ 207. Maximum hours

“(a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, no employer shall employ any of his employees who is engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce for a workweek longer than forty hours, unless such employee receives compensation for his employment in excess of the hours above specified at a rate not less than one and one-half times the regular rate at which he is employed.”

. “4. Hours of Employment and Overtime.

“ * * * Overtime at the rate of one and one-half times the established hourly rate shall be paid for all work performed in excess of eight (8) hours per day and forty (40) hours per week. Since this agreement is based on the intent of six-day-per-week operation, all work performed on Saturdays shall be paid for at one and one-half times the established hourly rate. Overtime at double the established rate shall be paid for all work performed on Sundays and holidays. * *

“5. Shift Work.

* * *

“ (b) * * * When irregular or broken shifts are worked, overtime rates shall apply before the regular starting time and after the regular quitting time of the shift on which the employee is regularly employed.

“(c) First or regular daylight shift: An eight and a half (8%) hour period less thirty minutes for meals on the employee’s time. Pay for a full shift period shall be a sum equivalent to eight (8) times the regular hourly rate with no premium. “Seeond Shift: An eight (8) hour period less thirty minutes for meals on employee’s time. Pay for a full second shift period shall be a sum equivalent to eight (8) times the regular hourly rate plus ten per cent (10%).

“Third Shift: A seven and one-half (7%) hour period less thirty minutes for meals on employee’s time. Pay for a full third shift period shall be a sum equivalent to eight (8) times the regular hourly rate plus fifteen per cent (15%).

“(d) For work on any shift less than the full shift period, pay shall be the corresponding proportionate part of the pay for the full shift period, * *

. 29 U.S.O.A. § 207. Maximum hours, (d) (6): “(6) extra compensation provided by a premium rate paid for work by the employee on Saturdays, Sundays, holidays, or regular days of rest, or on the sixth or seventh day of the workweek, where such premium rate is not less than one and one-half times the rate established in good faith for like work performed in nonovertime hours on other days; * * *

“(g) Extra compensation paid as described in paragraphs (5)-(7) of subsection (d) shall be creditable toward overtime compensation payable pursuant to this section.