JEROME L. SPRING AND AVA SPRING, PETITIONERS,
v.
RONEL REFINING, INC., A FLORIDA CORPORATION, RESPONDENT

Fla. 3d DCA | 1982-10-26
No. 82-1481
Before NESBITT, BASKIN and DANIEL S. PEARSON, JJ.
421 So. 2d 46 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (1982) Negative Treatment
Cited by 67 cases

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Holding

The court held that when legal and equitable claims are mixed, and the legal claim's issues are similar to the equitable claim's issues, the legal claim must be tried by a jury first to preserve the right to a jury trial.


Headnotes

[1] A party is entitled to a jury trial on legal claims, even when joined with equitable claims.

[2] When legal and equitable claims are mixed, issues sufficiently similar to both may not be tried non-jury by the court, as this would deprive a party of their constitution…

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Facts & Procedural History

Petitioners sought foreclosure of a mortgage and filed a counterclaim for fraud and misrepresentation, requesting a jury trial. The trial court placed…

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Opinion of the Court
NESBITT, Judge.

NESBITT, Judge.

The respondent brought an action seeking to foreclose a second mortgage on the petitioners’ property. The petitioners filed their answer, affirmative defenses, and counterclaim seeking damages for fraud and misrepresentation, and cancellation of the note and mortgage. They requested a jury trial on all issues so triable. The trial judge placed the entire cause on the court’s nonjury calendar. By way of petition for writ of certiorari, petitioners seek review of the order setting this cause for a nonjury trial. We grant the petition.

In setting the cause for nonjury trial, the trial court departed from the essential requirements of law. Foreclosure is a traditional equitable remedy as is the counterclaim for cancellation. It is equally unassailable that the counterclaim for fraud and misrepresentation presents a legal claim for which the petitioners were entitled to a jury trial. The mixture of equitable and legal claims in the same case cannot deprive a party of its right to a jury trial of issues traditionally triable to a jury. Padgett v. First Federal Savings & Loan Association of Santa Rosa County, 378 So. 2d 58 (Fla. 1st DCA 1979) and cases cited therein. The more difficult question, however, is the order in which these issues must be tried. In Adams v. Citizens Bank of Brevard, 248 So. 2d 682 (Fla. 4th DCA 1971), the court held:

[I]f a compulsory legal counterclaim entitles the counter-claimant to a jury trial on issues which are not common to any issue made by the equitable complaint, the trial court should proceed to try the equitable issue nonjury with appropriate provision made for a jury trial as to the law issues if disposition of the equitable issues does not conclude the case. Southwestern Life Insurance Co. v. Gerson, [187 So. 2d 63 (Fla. 3d DCA 1966)]. But where the compulsory counterclaim entitles the counter-claimant (upon timely demand) to a jury trial on issues which are sufficiently similar or related to the issues made by the equitable claim that a determination by the first fact finder would necessarily bind the later one, such issues may not be tried non jury by the court since to do so would deprive the counterclaimant of his constitutional right to trial by jury.

248 So. 2d at 684.

In the present case, we find that the issues in the fraud claim are sufficiently similar to the issues in the foreclosure action so as to first require a jury trial of the legal claim. If, after the jury verdict, there are unrelated equitable issues remaining, the trial court may then consider those claims. Padgett, supra, at 64; Adams, supra, at 685.

The respondent contends that the petitioner’s application is not cognizable by common law certiorari because the error is one which may be rectified by plenary appeal. A succinct analysis of the purpose and function of the writ is stated in Kauffman v. King, 89 So. 2d 24, 26 (Fla.1956):

It is only in exceptional cases, such as those where the lower court acts without or in excess of jurisdiction, or where the interlocutory order does not conform to the essential requirements of law and may reasonably cause material injury throughout the subsequent proceedings for which the remedy by appeal will be inadequate, that this court will exercise its discretionary power to issue the writ.

Accord Huie v. State, 92 So. 2d 264, 269 (Fla.1957). Brooks v. Owens, 97 So. 2d 693, 695 (Fla.1957).

We entirely agree with the observations of Judge Mann in Sarasota-Manatee Airport Authority v. Alderman, 238 So. 2d 678, 679-80 (Fla. 2d DCA 1970) where he wrote:

This case illustrates how a basic right such as trial by jury can be litigated almost ancillary to the lesser problem of the appealability of an interlocutory order. We see no constitutional barrier to the grant of common law certiorari under our Florida Constitution, Article V, Section 5(3), where a clear departure from settled principle threatens to prolong litigation needlessly. See 5 Moore’s Federal Practice, § 39.13. We exercise this constitutional power sparingly, and only in the interest of expediting justice in clear cases.

See also Freedman v. Rosin, 394 So. 2d 241 (Fla. 1st DCA 1981).

In the present case, the denial of the right to jury trial is more than the denial of a constitutional right; it is the denial of a fundamental right recognized prior to the adoption of a written constitution. The right to select the peers to which one’s cause will be submitted is unique and indis-pensible to the adversary system. For this reason, we deem certiorari to be the appropriate remedy in this instance.1 If we are accused of granting special dispensation by the review of this type order, then our critics can take solace in the fact that there will be few instances where litigants will present to us similar problems of such great consequence.

The petition for common law certiorari is granted and the order setting the cause for non jury trial is quashed with directions to grant a jury trial on the petitioners’ counterclaim.

. We recognize that our decision, as well as that of the First District in Freedman, supra, and the Second District in Sarasota-Manatee, supra, conflicts with Lindsey v. Sherman, 402 So. 2d 1349 (Fla. 4th DCA 1981).


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Citator

Cited By (34 total)

  • Jaye v. Royal Saxon, Inc, 720 So. 2d 214 (Fla. 1998)
    …A 1997), which certified conflict with Johnson Engineering, Inc. v. Pate, 563 So. 2d 1122 (Fla. 2d DCA 1990); Quality Coffee Service, Inc. v. Tallahassee Coca-Cola Bottling Co., 474 So. 2d 427 (Fla. 1st DCA 1985); and Spring v. Ronel Refining, Inc., 421 So. 2d 46 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982). We have jurisdiction. Art. V, § 3(b)(4), Fla. Const. The district courts are in conflict as to whether it is appropriate for an appellate court to grant certiorari to review a nonfinal trial court order striking a party’s demand…
  • …A 1981). It is true that our Lindsey decision is in conflict with Hobbs v. Florida First National Bank, 480 So. 2d 153 (Fla. 1st DCA 1985); Valiante v. Allstate Insurance Company, 462 So. 2d 590 (Fla. 2d DCA 1985); and Spring v. Ronel Refining Inc., 421 So. 2d 46 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982) on the propriety of certiorari review of orders denying trial by jury. But we are stare decisis-bound to follow it. Therefore, limiting our review to the arbitration decision only, we vacate the order denying arbitration with ins…
  • Billian v. Mobil Corp., 710 So. 2d 984 (Fla. 4th DCA 1998)
    …See Adams v. Citizens Bank of Brevard, 248 So. 2d 682 (Fla. 4th DCA 1971); Hall v. Brooksville Glass, 586 So. 2d 1306, 1308 (Fla. 5th DCA 1991); Dykes v. Trustbank Sav., F.S.B., 567 So. 2d 958, 959 (Fla. 2d DCA 1990); Spring v. Ronel Refining Inc., 421 So. 2d 46 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982); Padgett v. First Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass’n of Santa Rosa County, 378 So. 2d 58, 63 (Fla. 1st DCA 1979). Where the fact issues decided by a jury in an action at law are sufficiently similar to the fact issues on a related equitable c…

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