VIRGIL R. STEFFENS, APPELLANT,
v.
JULIETTE A. STEFFENS, APPELLEE
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In this Florida divorce case, the appellate court reversed the trial court's exclusion of evidence regarding a claimed scrivener's error in an ante-nuptial agreement, holding that testimony about an alleged mutual mistake should have been admitted. The court also clarified that while courts may modify alimony provisions under Florida law, they must find a change in circumstances and cannot ignore the parties' written agreement.
The trial court erred in excluding the proffered testimony regarding the alleged mutual mistake because such evidence was relevant and admissible to support the reformation claim. While courts have statutory authority to modify alimony provisions of an ante-nuptial agreement, they must make a finding that circumstances or financial ability has changed since execution of the agreement, supported by the record.
[1] Equity will reform an instrument that fails to conform to the parties' intent due to a scrivener's error or clerical mistake.
[2] A trial court errs by refusing to admit evidence relevant to a counter-petition for reformation of an agreement based on mutual mistake.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“When an instrument is drawn and executed which is intended to carry into execution an agreement but which by mistake of the draftsman violates or does not fulfill that intention, equity will reform the instrument so as to conform to the intent of the parties.”
Establishes the equitable principle supporting reformation for scrivener's errors
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceThe parties executed an ante-nuptial agreement that was incorporated into their divorce judgment. The husband contended that the rehabilitative alimon…
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OWEN, WILLIAM C., Jr., (Retired) Associate Judge.
The final judgment from which this appeal has been taken dissolved the marriage and, pursuant to the provisions of an ante-nuptial agreement which the appellee wife sought to have enforced, awarded the wife lump sum and periodic rehabilitative alimony. She was also awarded certain personal property and attorneys’ fees. Appellant husband contends that the court erred (1) in refusing to admit proffered evidence in support of the husband’s counter-petition for reformation of the rehabilitative alimony provision of the agreement, and (2) in awarding relief to the wife not provided for her in the agreement. Appellant’s first point is well taken, requiring us to reverse that part of the judgment awarding rehabilitative alimony and remand for further proceedings.
The counter-petition for reformation of the agreement was based upon an alleged mutual mistake of the parties because of a scrivener’s error. The wife denied that there had been a mutual mistake.1 The proffered testimony (the credibility of which we do not assess) tended to prove that due to typographical or clerical error, certain limiting language, intended by the parties and approved by them in preliminary drafts, had been inadvertently omitted from the final draft of the agreement. When an instrument is drawn and executed which is intended to carry into execution an agreement but which by mistake of the draftsman violates or does not fulfill that intention, equity will reform the instrument so as to conform to the intent of the parties. Relief should be given where, through a mistake of the scrivener, the instrument contains a clerical error or fails to define the terms as agreed on by the parties. Jacobs v. Parodi, 50 Fla. 541, 39 So. 833 (1905); Gennaro v. Leeper, 313 So. 2d 70 (Fla. 2d DCA 1975). It was harmful error for the trial court to have excluded from evidence the proffered testimony relevant to the issue made in the counter-petition for reformation.
We also note that in the final judgment, the trial court stated that it had the authority to modify the alimony provisions of the antenuptial agreement, a position advanced by appellee before this court. While the trial court does have such authority, granted by Section 61.14, Florida Statutes (1981), it is conditioned upon a showing that “the circumstances or the financial ability of either party has changed .. . since the execution of such agreement .... ” When a court relies on this statutory authority, it should make a finding of a change of circumstances or financial ability, supported by the record. While the final judgment does not contain such a finding, we do not preclude, upon remand and further proceedings, a finding in this respect if appropriate.
The other relief granted to the wife by the final judgment has not been shown to have been precluded by the antenuptial agreement nor to have been an abuse of the trial court’s discretion, and thus, in all other respects the judgment is affirmed.
Affirmed in part, Reversed in part, and Remanded for further proceedings to determine the issue made by the counter-petition for reformation and by supplemental judgment to award to appellee wife rehabilitative alimony in such amount and form (i.e., lump sum, periodic or both) as the court in its discretion may deem proper consistent with the antenuptial agreement of the parties.
GLICKSTEIN and HURLEY, JJ., concur. . While the record is not entirely clear as to the basis upon which the trial court refused to admit the proffered evidence, it appears that the court felt, that as a matter of law, there could be no mutual mistake absent agreement by both parties that, in fact, there had been a mutual mistake. Clearly, the issue of mutual mistake arises only when alleged by one party and denied by the other. Agreement on the matter would eliminate it as an issue to be tried.
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Ellyn Feldman v. Kritch, 824 So. 2d 274 (Fla. 4th DCA 2002)…t of the parties. Relief should be given where, through a mistake of the scrivener, the instrument contains [a]n clerical error or fails to define the terms as agreed on by the parties, (citations omitted). Id. at 974 (quoting Steffens v. Steffens, 422 So. 2d 963, 963 (Fla. 4th DCA 1982)). A mistake is mutual when the parties agree to one thing and then, due to either a scrivener’s error or inadvertence, express something different in the written instrument. See Circle Mortgage Corp. v. Kline, 645 So. 2d 75,…
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Schroeder v. Gerhart, 825 So. 2d 442 (Fla. 5th DCA 2002)…e drafter, violates or fails to carry out the intention of the parties. Relief is given where, through a mistake of the scrivener, the instrument contains an error or fails to properly define the terms agreed to by the parties. Steffens v. Steffens, 422 So. 2d 963, 964 (Fla. 4th DCA 1982). That principle, which applies generally to bilateral contracts supported by mutual consideration, should certainly apply to a unilateral trust agreement, not supported by consideration given by the competing beneficiaries.…
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Snedaker v. Snedaker, 660 So. 2d 1070 (Fla. 4th DCA 1995)…da Statutes (1993), vests the circuit courts of this state with the power and jurisdiction to modify antenuptial agreements based upon a material change in circumstances occurring after execution of the agreement. See generally Steffens v. Steffens, 422 So. 2d 963 (Fla. 4th DCA 1982); Osborne v. Osborne, 604 So. 2d 858 (Fla. 2d DCA 1992). However, as this court has held, the right to seek modification, like any other right, may be waived, whether arising out of the constitution or conferred by statute or secu…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Jacobs v. Parodi, 50 Fla. 541 (Fla. 1905)
- Gennaro v. Leeper, 313 So. 2d 70 (Fla. 2d DCA 1975)