SEABOARD COAST LINE RAILROAD COMPANY, APPELLANT,
v.
SALVATORE BURDI AND GILDA BURDI, HIS WIFE, APPELLEES

Fla. 3d DCA | 1983-03-08
No. 82-566
Before SCHWARTZ, C.J., and HENDRY and BASKIN, JJ.
427 So. 2d 1048 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (1983) Caution
Cited by 36 cases

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Holding

The court held that a trial judge cannot substitute their judgment for the jury's on damages if the verdicts are within a reasonable range, and expert testimony is not required for jury instructions on present value of future damages.


Headnotes

[1] A new trial on damages alone may not be granted solely because the trial judge disagrees with the jury's assessment of damages, provided the verdicts fall within a reason…

[2] A jury instruction correctly stating that future medical expenses and loss of earning capacity should be reduced to present money value is proper under Florida law.

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Facts & Procedural History

Plaintiffs were awarded damages by a jury for injuries sustained in an accident. The trial court granted a new trial on damages, finding the verdicts …

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Opinion of the Court
SCHWARTZ, Chief Judge.

SCHWARTZ, Chief Judge.

The defendant below appeals from an order granting the plaintiffs a new trial on damages alone after the jury returned allegedly insufficient verdicts in their favor. Since we find no merit in either reason assigned by the trial court for the order, it is reversed.

In the accident in question, Burdi sustained a fractured leg, which left him with a permanent partial disability of 6-7% of the body as a whole. He had medical bills of $3,665 and lost wages of $5,500; there was also testimony that a future operation, which would relieve his disability, would be required. In addition, although Burdi was in fact occupying his former employment position at the time of trial, there was evidence that he will suffer a loss of earning capacity in the future and, of course, past and future pain and suffering and inability to lead a normal life. For these elements, the jury returned verdicts of $40,000 for Mr. Burdi and $2,500 for his wife’s derivative claim.

The lower court concluded that these amounts were “grossly inadequate and clearly against the manifest weight of the evidence.” It is clear, however, that the verdicts fell well within the range of the sums at which the jury — whose function it was to do so — could reasonably have assessed the plaintiffs’ damages. The trial judge’s holding, therefore, represents a mere disagreement with the jury’s determination and a consequently impermissible substitution of his own judgment that the awards should have been greater.

Hence, the requirement of a new trial may not be sustained on this ground. Adams v. Wright, 403 So. 2d 391, 393 (Fla.1981); Wackenhut Corp. v. Canty, 359 So. 2d 430 (Fla.1978); City of Miami v. Smith, 165 So. 2d 748 (Fla.1964); Travelers Indemnity Co. v. Hicks, 363 So. 2d 628 (Fla. 3d DCA 1978); White v. Martinez, 359 So. 2d 7 (Fla. 3d DCA 1978); see generally, St. Regis Paper Co. v. Watson, 428 So. 2d 243 (Fla. 1983). Because the defendant had not introduced expert evidence on the issue at the trial, the trial court also found that it had erroneously instructed the jury1 and permitted the Seaboard to argue that, as stated in Standard Jury Instruction 6.10, the plaintiff could recover only the present money value of his future medical expenses and loss of earning capacity. Again, we disagree. Even if, as it should not, the fact that neither the charge nor the argument was objected to below may be overlooked,2 see Bishop v. Watson, 367 So. 2d 1073 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979), we find that this conclusion was wrong on the merits. There is no question that SJI 6.10 correctly represents the law of Florida. Braddock v. Seaboard Air Line R. Co., 80 So. 2d 662 (Fla.1955).

In fact, it would have been reversible error if the charge had not been given. DuPuis v. Heider, 113 Fla. 679, 152 So. 659 (1934); Norman v. Mullin, 249 So. 2d 733 (Fla. 3d DCA 1971).

Furthermore, although such evidence is indeed admissible at the behest of either party, Annot., Damages — Testimony by Actuary, 79 A.L.R.2d 275 (1961); see City of Tallahassee v. Ashmore, 158 Fla. 73, 27 So. 2d 660 (1946), it is not, contrary to the ruling below, a prerequisite to the instruction that the defendant introduce sworn testimony as to the mathematical manner in which reduction to present money value is calculated. Pennsylvania R. Co. v. McKinley, 288 F. 2d 262 (6th Cir.1961); Andrews v. Gulfstream Ventures, Inc., 411 So. 2d 1336 (Fla. 4th DCA 1982), rev. denied, 419 So. 2d 1195 (Fla.1982); cf. Haddigan v. Harkins, 441 F. 2d 844 (3d Cir.1970) (failure of plaintiff to introduce such evidence results in reversal on defendant’s appeal).3 Not only is there apparently no reported decision to the contrary of this proposition, we are convinced, viewing the matter independently, that it represents a sound rule. Jurors, as persons of common experience, know generally that one needs to invest less than a dollar today to insure the return of a dollar in the future, so that expert testimony, while helpful, may hardly be considered indispensable to a consideration of the question. See 31 Am.Jur.2d Expert and Opinion Evidence § 19 (1967).

Moreover, it is the plaintiff whose right vel non to recover for future monetary losses is limited by the reduction requirement. See Braddock v. Seaboard Air Line R. Co., supra; Haddigan v. Harkins, supra.4 In the light of both of these factors, we find no warrant whatever for imposing a burden of presenting such testimony upon the defendant.5

For these reasons, the order is reversed and the cause remanded with directions to enter judgment on the verdicts.

Reversed.

. Any amount which you allow in damages for future medical expenses or for future loss of ability to earn money should be reduced to their present money value and only the present money value of such amount should be included in your verdict.

. At the beginning of the charge conference, the trial judge purported to reserve any objections either side may later assert to his rulings without the necessity of counsel’s articulating them. This attempted, but wholly unauthorized, blanket “pre-waiver” could not serve to excuse the parties from compliance with the applicable rules and principles which require timely preservation of error at the trial. Fla.R. Civ.P. 1.470; see generally, Diaz v. Rodriguez, 384 So. 2d 906 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980).

. Our citation of this decision, which is itself contrary to the majority rule that neither party is required to introduce such evidence, is not to be taken as an endorsement of its holding. The question of whether the plaintiff has such an obligation is not before us.

. The appellees are clearly conceptually incorrect in their contention that present money value involves an issue of mitigation of the plaintiffs otherwise-established damages as to which the defendant bears the burden of proof. Cf. Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation v. Rievman, 370 So. 2d 33 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979). Instead, the only recoverable element of the plaintiffs claim to future monetary losses is their present value.

.We repeat the caveat contained in note 3.


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Citator

Cited By (18 total)

  • Sears Roebuck & Co. v. Arlee Jackson and Mugge Rivers, 433 So. 2d 1319 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983)
    …to the first remark, Bishop v. Watson, 367 So. 2d 1073 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979), and a timely motion for mistrial directed to the second remark, see Cameron v. Seoniers, 393 So. 2d 11 (Fla. 5th DCA 1980). See Seaboard Coast Line Railroad Company v. Burdi, 427 So. 2d 1048 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983) (order granting new trial based on assertedly improper jury instruction and argument reversed where no objection made at trial and where instruction and argument proper in any event); Rose’s Stores, Incorporated v. Mason, 338 So.…
  • W.R. Grace & Company-Conn. v. Pyke, 661 So. 2d 1301 (Fla. 3d DCA 1995)
    …d “appellate scrutiny.” Accordingly, the verdict cannot stand. See Vibrant Video, Inc. v. Dixie Pointe Associates, 567 So. 2d 1003 (Fla. 3d DCA 1990); see also Haddigan v. Harkins, 441 F. 2d 844 (3d Cir. 1971); Seaboard Coast Line R.R. Co. v. Bur-d% 427 So. 2d 1048 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983). The judge who presided over the trial was not available to consider defendants’ post-trial motions due to his death, and the power of the successor judge to grant relief was limited. Groover v. Walker, 88 So. 2d 312 (Fla. 1956);…
  • …be made by the jury on the evidence; or, if the parties offer no evidence to control that finding, that the jury properly resorts to its own common knowledge as guided by instruction 501.7 and by argument. See Seaboard Coast Line Railroad v. Burdi, 427 So. 2d 1048 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983). 501.8 COLLATERAL SOURCE RULE a. Tort actions generally: You should not reduce the amount of compensation to which (claimant) is otherwise entitled on account of [wages] [medical insurance payments] [or other benefits (specify)…
    1 / 2

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