WILLIAM O. YATES, AS SUCCESSOR PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE OF THE ESTATE OF MARION MCDONALD CAHILL, DECEASED, APPELLANT,
v.
COMMERCIAL BANK & TRUST COMPANY, APPELLEE
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The estate of Marion Cahill sued Commercial Bank & Trust Company for paying an ambiguous check written by its personal representative, Emmett McDonald, in the amount of $10,075 (numerals) versus $1,075 (written words). The court reversed the trial court's dismissal, holding the bank liable under UCC § 673.118, which requires words to control figures in negotiable instruments.
The bank is prima facie liable to the estate for the excess payment. Under UCC § 673.118, words control figures except when words are ambiguous, and the bank improperly paid the larger sum stated in numerals rather than the smaller, unambiguous amount stated in words. The bank's affirmative defense that the fiduciary could have embezzled the same total amount through additional checks cannot justify dismissal of the complaint.
[1] When words and figures on a negotiable instrument conflict, the words control unless the words are ambiguous, in which case the figures control.
[2] A bank is prima facie liable to an estate for paying a check in an amount exceeding the sum unambiguously stated by words, even if the figures are larger.
Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“Words control figures except that if the words are ambiguous figures control.”
States the controlling UCC rule governing ambiguous negotiable instruments, which mandates payment according to written words when unambiguous.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceOn October 17, 1981, Emmett E. McDonald, acting as personal representative of Marion Cahill's estate, wrote a check on the estate account with a discr…
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SCHWARTZ, Chief Judge.
On October 17, 1981, Emmett E. McDonald, acting as the personal representative of the estate of Marion Cahill, deceased, wrote a check to himself, individually, on the estate checking account in the Commercial Bank & Trust Company. The instrument contained an obvious variance between the numbers and the written words which indicated the amount of the check. It said:
“Pay to the order of Emmett E. McDonald $10075.00 Ten hundred seventy five_Dollars.”
The bank paid the $10,075.00 sum stated by the numerals to McDonald, who absconded with the funds. Through a successor representative, Yates, who is the appellant here, the estate sued the bank to recover the $9,000.00 difference2 between that amount and the $1075.00 which was written out. The trial court dismissed the complaint and Yates has appealed. We reverse.
It is clear that the complaint stated a cognizable claim against the bank. Section 673.118, Florida Statutes (1981), provides:
The following rules apply to every instrument:
* * * * * *
(3) Words control figures except that if the words are ambiguous figures control. Under this provision of the UCC, it was clearly improper for the bank to have paid the larger sum stated in numbers, rather than the smaller one unambiguously stated by McDonald’s words. It is, therefore, prima facie liable to the estate for the excess. Dawson v. Andrus, 612 F. 2d 1280 (10th Cir. 1980); Western Union Telegraph Co. v. Peoples National Bank in Lakewood, 169 N.J.Super. 272, 404 A. 2d 1178 (1979); St. Paul Fire & Marine Ins. Co. v. State Bank of Salem, 412 N.E. 2d 103 (Ind.App.1980); McNeese v. State, 596 S.W. 2d 906 (Tex.Civ.App.1980); 11 Am.Jur.2d Bills and Notes § 158 (1963).
The bank contends, however, that the estate has not really been damaged by its overpayment. This argument is apparently founded on the supposition that, since McDonald embezzled what was paid him anyway, if the bank had honored the check in the correct amount initially, he could, and presumably would, have simply written an additional $9,000 check to himself to make up the difference and accomplish the same nefarious result. While there may well be some merit to this assertion, see Fulka v. Florida Commercial Banks, Inc., 371 So. 2d 521, 525, n. 7 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979), it is obviously in the nature of an affirmative defense, and thus cannot justify the dismissal of the complaint. Sanchez v. Mercy Hospital, 386 So. 2d 42 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980); Fincher Motors, Inc. v. Carriage Trade Auto Brokers, Inc., 421 So. 2d 673 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982).
Reversed.
. The emphasized material is in McDonald’s handwriting; the remainder is printed.
. The appellant does not claim that the bank is liable merely for paying an estate check to the fiduciary himself. On the facts alleged in the complaint, no such contention could be sustained in the face of Sec. 733.611, Fla.Stat. (1981), which provides:
Except as provided in s. 733.613(1) [which section is inapplicable to this case], a person who in good faith either assists a personal representative or deals with him for value is protected as if the personal representative properly exercised his power. The fact that a person knowingly deals with the personal representative does not alone require the person to inquire into the existence of his power, the limits on his power, or the propriety of its exercise. A person is not bound to see to the proper application of estate assets paid or delivered to the personal representative .... The protection here expressed is not by substitution for that provided in comparable provisions of the laws relating to commercial transactions and laws simplifying transfers of securities by fiduciaries.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Cited By
-
Schuster v. Banco de Iberoamerica, S.A., 476 So. 2d 253 (Fla. 3d DCA 1985)…ourse. See note 1, supra. I do not believe, however, that it is appropriate now to reach this projected defense in considering the sole issue properly before us, the sufficiency of the complaint on its face. See Yates v. Commercial Bank & Trust Co., 432 So. 2d 725 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983).…
Authorities Cited
- Turnbull v. State, 386 So. 2d 42 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980)
- Fulka v. Fla. Commercial Banks, Inc., 371 So. 2d 521 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979)
- Dawson v. Andrus, 612 F.2d 1280 (10th Cir. 1980)
- Fincher Motors, Inc. v. Carriage Trade Auto Brokers, 421 So. 2d 673 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982)