KENT INSURANCE COMPANY, AN INSURANCE COMPANY, APPELLANT,
v.
CAPITOL MAINTENANCE, INC., A FLORIDA CORPORATION, APPELLEE

Fla. 1st DCA | 1983-06-30
No. AP-95
LARRY G. SMITH and JOANOS, JJ., concur.
433 So. 2d 1295 Florida District Court of Appeal, First District (1983) Caution
Cited by 4 cases

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Synopsis

Kent Insurance Company sought a declaratory judgment regarding the proper interpretation of a $1,000 deductible clause in a liability policy issued to Capitol Maintenance, which was sued for paint damage to numerous vehicles. The court reversed in part the trial court's determination that claims from multiple insurers and their insureds should be treated as single claims for deductible purposes, holding that individual claims should be counted separately under a per-claim deductible.


Holding

The per-claim deductible applies to all damages sustained by one person or organization as a result of any one occurrence. Individual claims by separate insureds cannot be accumulated into a single claim by a subrogee merely because the subrogee has paid those claims. Each insured whose vehicle was damaged had an individual claim against Capitol, and these claims must be counted separately for deductible purposes.


Headnotes

[1] Ambiguities in insurance contracts are liberally construed in favor of the insured, but absent ambiguity, the plain meaning of the contract language must be applied.

[2] A subrogee stands in the shoes of the subrogor and possesses only the rights that the subrogor individually held.

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Key Quotes

“A subrogee stands in the shoes of the subrogor and has only those rights which the subrogor had.”

Establishes the fundamental principle that subrogees cannot assert rights greater than those of the original insureds they represent.

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Facts & Procedural History

Capitol Maintenance purchased a property damage liability insurance policy from Kent while painting the Acosta Bridge in Jacksonville. During the proj…

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Opinion of the Court
NIMMONS,. Judge.

NIMMONS,. Judge.

Kent Insurance Company (Kent) filed a declaratory judgment action against its insured, Capitol Maintenance, Inc. (Capitol), seeking a declaratory judgment in order to settle a policy coverage question. Kent appeals from the declaratory judgment which was subsequently entered adverse to its position. We reverse in part.

On June 2, 1980, Capitol purchased from Kent a policy of property damage liability insurance. Capitol was engaged in painting the Acosta Bridge in Jacksonville pursuant to a contract therefor with the State of Florida Department of Transportation. During the period the policy was in force, various claims were made against Capitol for damage to motor vehicles in the vicinity of the Acosta Bridge allegedly resulting from Capitol’s paint spraying operation.

One of the claims against Capitol and Kent was made by State Farm Mutual Insurance Company (“State Farm”), as subro-gee, to recover a total of $10,600 which it had paid to one hundred of its insureds whose vehicles had allegedly been damaged by the paint spraying operation. Similarly, Liberty Mutual Insurance Company (“Liberty”) asserted a claim as subrogee to recover sums totalling in excess of $9,100 representing amounts it had paid to twenty-seven of its insureds for paint damage caused by Capitol. Florida Publishing Company (“FPC”) also sought to recover for paint damages to thirty-three of its vehicles and sixteen of its employees whose vehicles also allegedly sustained paint damage. None of the losses sustained by any of State Farm’s or Liberty’s insureds exceeded $1,000. Likewise, none of the losses sustained by any of FPC’s employees exceeded $1,000. The dispute was over the proper interpretation of the $1,000 deductible clause in the Kent insurance policy purchased by Capitol. '

The judgment appealed determined that the policy provisions were unclear as to the meaning of “claims” as used in the deductible provision. The court interpreted the policy such that the combined claims of State Farm’s insureds, Liberty’s insureds and FPC and its employees each constituted a single “claim” for purposes of the application of the $1,000 deductible. We disagree.

The subject liability policy offered either a “per claim” deductible or “per occurrence” deductible and clearly defined each. Capitol, presumably for reasons of premium economy, opted for the per claim deductible. The per occurrence deductible is defined in the policy as follows:

Per Occurrence Basis — If the deductible is on a “per occurrence” basis, the deductible amount applies under the Bodily Injury Liability or Property Damage Liability Coverage, respectively, to all damages because of all bodily injury or property damage as the result of any one occurrence. [Emphasis supplied]

In contrast, the policy defines per claim deductible as follows:

Per Claim Basis — If the deductible is on a “per claim” basis, the deductible amount applies under the Bodily Injury Liability or Property Damage Liability Coverage, respectively, to all damages because of bodily injury sustained by one person, or to all property damage sustained by one person or organization, as the result of any one occurrence. [Emphasis supplied]

Kent does not disagree with the trial court’s finding that the “occurrence” in the instant case was “continuous or repeated exposure to the overspray painting landing on motor vehicles while the bridge was being painted.” 1 However, Kent asserts, and we agree, that the court erred when it found that such occurrence gave rise to the three “claims by three organizations”: (1) State Farm’s single “claim” as subrogee of its various insureds whose vehicles were damaged; (2) Liberty Mutual’s single “claim” as subrogee of its various insureds whose vehicles were damaged; and (3) FPC’s claim on behalf of itself and its various employees whose vehicles were damaged. The trial court predicated its holding upon the finding that the term “claim” as used in the policy’s per claim deductible provision was ambiguous and that the policy should, therefore, be interpreted to provide for greater indemnity.

Although ambiguities in insurance contracts are to be liberally construed in favor of the insured, e.g. Hodges v. National Union Indemnity Company, 249 So. 2d 679 (Fla.1971), absent ambiguity, courts are bound to give the language of an insurance contract its plain and normally accepted meaning. E.g. Equitable Life Assurance Society of U.S. v. Pinon, 344 So. 2d 880 (Fla. 3rd DCA 1977); Morrison Assurance Company, Inc. v. City of Opa-Locka, 389 So. 2d 1079 (Fla. 3rd DCA 1980). The court may not rewrite an insurance contract extending coverage beyond that plainly provided for in the contract. United States Fire Insurance Co. v. Morejon, 338 So. 2d 223 (Fla. 3rd DCA 1976). We do not believe that the per claim deductible provision is ambiguous.

A subrogee stands in the shoes of the subrogor and has only those rights which the subrogor had. Boley v. Daniel, 72 Fla. 121, 72 So. 644 (Fla.1916); Underwriters at Lloyds v. City of Lauderdale, 382 So. 2d 702 (Fla.1980); Ulery v. Asphalt Paving, Inc., 119 So. 2d 432 (Fla. 1st DCA 1960). State Farm and Liberty have no rights independent of or greater than their insureds possessed individually. Each insured whose vehicle was damaged had an individual claim against Capitol. Acceptance of the trial court’s interpretation of the policy would lend itself to illogical and anomalous results. The logic of permitting a subrogee to accumulate into one “superclaim” the individual claims of its insureds in order to defeat the per claim deductible provision of the tortfeasor’s liability policy would also support practices such as a person’s taking enough assignments of individual claims so as to defeat the purpose and intent of the per claim deductible provision.

There appears to be no Florida case directly on point. However, it has been held by a New Jersey court that “several claims by third parties cannot be converted into a single claim by the mere expedient of paying them.” Burlington County Abstract v. QMQ Assoc., 400 A. 2d 1211 (Sup.Ct., N.J. 1979). The authorities cited by appellee Capitol from other jurisdictions are distinguishable and do not support its position.

Likewise, the policy does not lend itself to an interpretation which would support the accumulation of the FPC employees’ individual claims and the merger of the same into FPC’s claim to defeat the intent of the policy’s deductible provision. However, insofar as the judgment recognizes as one claim FPC’s claim for damages to its 33 vehicles (not to be confused with the separate and distinct claims of the FPC employees), the trial court was obviously correct in this respect and Kent does not contend otherwise.

The declaratory judgment appealed is reversed in part and affirmed in part and remanded for the entry of judgment consistent with this opinion.

Reversed and remanded.

LARRY G. SMITH and JOANOS, JJ., concur. . The policy defined “occurrence” as “property damage arising out of continuous or repeated exposure to substantially the same general conditions .... ”


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  • …1298, 1304 n. 13 (4th Cir.1978), quoting Comment, Continuation and Representation of Class Actions Following Dismissal of the Class Representative, 1974 Duke L.J. 573, 596. This is not a case such as Kent Insurance Co. v. Capital Maintenance, Inc., 433 So. 2d 1295 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App.1983), or Burlington County Abstract Co. v. QMA Associates, Inc., 167 N.J.Super. 398, 400 A. 2d 1211 (1979), in which there was more than one finite claim by one or more third persons against an insured in connection with which the…
  • Capitol Indem. Corp. v. Miles, 978 F.2d 437 (8th Cir. 1992)
    …ult follows, we think as a matter of course, if the claimant against an insured is a subrogee of various individual claimants and the insured asserts that only one claim is being made against him. See Kent Insurance Co. v. Capitol Maintenance, Inc., 433 So. 2d 1295 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App.1983). We perceive no real distinction between the present case and those previously decided, and, moreover, we think that the correctness of the result being urged here by appellant can be illustrated by a series of examples. Supp…

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