UNITED STATES OF AMERICA EX REL. WILLIAM LEE EVANS, PETITIONER-APPELLANT,
v.
HAROLD W. FOLLETTE (SUCCESSOR TO EDWARD M. FAY), AS WARDEN OF GREEN HAVEN PRISON, STORMVILLE, NEW YORK, RESPONDENT-APPELLEE

2d Cir. | 1966-07-14
Nos. 439, Docket 30166
364 F.2d 305 United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (1966) Positive Treatment
Cited by 4 cases

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Holding

The court held that the consolidation of charges for trial, even for heinous crimes, does not violate the Fourteenth Amendment's due process clause if the jury is instructed to consider each count separately.


Facts & Procedural History

Appellant was convicted after a consolidated trial of multiple counts of robbery, sodomy, and assault. He argued that the nature of the crimes prejudi…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM:

PER CURIAM:

After a consolidated trial of complaints made by three different persons involving acts committed at different times, appellant Evans was convicted, in the former Court of General Sessions of New York County, of two counts of robbery, two counts of sodomy, three counts of assault with intent to commit sodomy and two counts of assault with intent to commit robbery. Appellant now claims that his detention is unconstitutional because the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment requires separate trials in cases where the crimes charged were of such a sordid nature that allowing the jury to hear evidence as to all acts might prejudice them when considering the specific complaint of each victim. Section 279 of the New York Code of Criminal Procedure allows for the consolidation of charges of the “same or a similar character,” at the discretion of the trial judge. Compare Rule 8(a) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. The trial judge charged the jury:
“each count is to be taken as a separate and distinct case; you decide each matter as you wish, but you cannot carry over the testimony from one complainant to another. They are not related in any manner whatsoever. * ■* *»»

We must assume that the jury followed these instructions. See Delli Paoli v. United States, 352 U.S. 232, 242, 77 S.Ct. 294, 1 L.Ed.2d 278 (1957); Op-per v. United States, 348 U.S. 84, 94-95, 75 S.Ct. 158, 99 L.Ed. 101 (1954).

At most we are presented with an abuse of discretion by a state trial judge in granting the motion for consolidation. Compare United States v. Lotsch, 102 F. 2d 35 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 307 U.S. 622, 59 S.Ct. 793, 83 L.Ed. 1500 (1939) with Note, Joint and Single Trials Under Rules 8 and 14 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, 74 Yale L.J. 553, 556-60 (1965). Appellant has cited no ease which indicates that this is an issue of constitutional dimensions. Neither United States ex rel. Scoleri v. Banmiller, 310 F. 2d 720 (3d Cir. 1962), cert. denied, 374 U.S. 828, 83 S.Ct. 1866, 10 L.Ed.2d 1051 (1963), which concerned the wholly unrelated question of a unitary trial of the issues of guilt and penalty pursuant to a statutory mandate, nor any of the other cases cited by appellant, hold that joinder in such a situation is constitutionally invalid.

The court wishes to express to Anthony L. Fletcher its gratitude for his conscientious and able handling of this appeal.

Affirmed.


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