ZAYRE CORPORATION, APPELLANT,
v.
RIGOBERTO MARTINEZ, APPELLEE

Fla. 3d DCA | 1983-10-18
No. 83-342
Before SCHWARTZ, C.J., and HENDRY and FERGUSON, JJ.
439 So. 2d 333 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (1983) Positive Treatment
Cited by 2 cases

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Synopsis

Zayre Corporation appeals a judgment awarding compensatory and punitive damages for false imprisonment. The court reverses because the trial judge erroneously directed a verdict on the false imprisonment claim without allowing the jury to consider whether the guards lawfully arrested Martinez for breach of the peace, and because the negligent training issue was improperly excluded from the jury's consideration.


Holding

The court held that the trial judge erred in directing a verdict on false imprisonment because a jury question existed as to whether the guards had lawfully arrested Martinez for breach of the peace, and that the negligent training issue should have been submitted to the jury notwithstanding that it was not explicitly alleged in the complaint, since evidence on this issue was admitted without objection.


Headnotes

[1] A jury issue exists as to whether a plaintiff was confined pursuant to a lawful citizen's arrest for a breach of the peace committed when the plaintiff allegedly struck a…

[2] The availability of a lawful citizen's arrest defense is not affected by the fact that the arresting party did not assert the arrest as a justification at the time or dur…

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Key Quotes

“We find error in this ruling because the record presents a jury issue as to whether Martinez was confined pursuant to a lawful citizen's arrest for a breach of the peace committed when he allegedly unjustifiably struck one or both of the guards.”

Establishes that the directed verdict was erroneous because the lawful arrest defense created a jury question.

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Facts & Procedural History

Martinez was involved in an altercation with Zayre's store security guards. Martinez allegedly struck one or both guards. The guards confined Martinez…

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Opinion of the Court
SCHWARTZ, Chief Judge.

SCHWARTZ, Chief Judge.

Zayre’s, the defendant below, appeals from a judgment for $500 compensatory and $15,000 punitive damages in the plaintiff Martinez’s ’ favor. In answer to special interrogatories, the jury found against the plaintiff on his claims that store security guards assaulted and battered him and that Zayre’s had negligently “hired or retained” those employees. The award was based solely upon the trial court’s directing a verdict against Zayre’s on Martinez’s claim of false imprisonment.

We find error in this ruling because the record presents a jury issue as to whether Martinez was confined pursuant to a lawful citizen’s arrest for a breach of the peace committed when he allegedly unjustifiably struck one or both of the guards. Sec. 877.03, Fla.Stat. (1979); Sturman v. City of Golden Beach, 355 So. 2d 453 (Fla. 3d DCA 1978), cert. denied, 361 So. 2d 836 (Fla.1978).

The availability of this defense is not affected, as the plaintiff argues, even if the guards did not then or at trial assert such an arrest as a justification for their actions. See State v. Padron, 425 So. 2d 644 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983); State v. Valdes, 423 So. 2d 944 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982); Thomas v. State, 395 So. 2d 280 (Fla. 3d DCA 1981). For this reason, a new trial must be held on the false imprisonment claim alone. We point out that, in the light of the verdict already returned, Zayre’s may be held liable for punitive damages under Mercury Motors Express, Inc. v. Smith, 393 So. 2d 545 (Fla.1981) only if the jury concludes that it negligently failed properly to train the guards in question. Preventive Security and Investigators, Inc. v. Troge, 423 So. 2d 931 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982).

This issue was fairly presented by the testimony admitted without objection below but was not submitted to the jury on the erroneous ground that it had not been alleged in the complaint.1 See Fla.R.Civ.P. 1.190(b); Di Teodoro v. Lazy Dolphin Development Co., 418 So. 2d 428 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982), rev. denied, 427 So. 2d 737 (Fla.1983); Batista v. Walter & Bernstein, P.A., 378 So. 2d 1321 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980).

Reversed and remanded.

. We not only do not ourselves agree with Zayre’s appellate contention that negligent “retention” — an issue which was sent to the jury — and “training” are the same thing, we note that the distinction was also clear to its trial counsel who successfully moved to strike the word “trained” from the jury interrogatory because that separate contention was not raised in the pleadings.


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Cited By

  • McARTHUR Dairy, Inc. v. Original Kielbs, Inc., 481 So. 2d 535 (Fla. 3d DCA 1986)
    …anagerial employee of the corporation within the scope of the latter’s employment, provided further that the management of the corporation was guilty of some fault which foreseeably contributed to the plaintiff’s injury. See Zayre Corp. v. Martinez, 439 So. 2d 333 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983); Preventive Security & Investigators, Inc. v. Troge, 423 So. 2d 931 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982); compare Life Insurance Co. of North America v. Del Aguila, 417 So. 2d at 652-53; see also Bankers Multiple Line Insurance Co. v. Farish, 464 S…

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