PENNSYLVANIA NATIONAL MUTUAL CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY, APPELLANT,
v.
PHILIP R. ANDERSON AND BARBARA A. ANDERSON D/B/A GABLES SECRETARIAL SERVICE, APPELLEES
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Pennsylvania National Casualty Insurance issued settlement checks for a total loss claim based on inspection of the wrong 1980 Cadillac Seville due to similar VINs, then stopped payment when the error was discovered. The court reversed the lower court judgment for the Andersons, holding that the insurer should be relieved of the unilateral mistake under controlling precedent, despite finding the carrier's conduct negligent.
The court held that the insurance company should be relieved of the consequences of the unilateral mistake under the rule established in Maryland Casualty Co. v. Krasnek, because neither exception to that rule applied: the plaintiffs did not detrimentally rely on the mistake, and while negligence was involved, it did not rise to the level of inexcusable lack of due care necessary to entitle plaintiffs to retain the windfall.
[1] A unilateral mistake, even if accompanied by some degree of negligence, may relieve a party of the consequences of that mistake unless the negligence rises to the level o…
[2] Detrimental reliance on a unilateral mistake requires an action taken after learning of the mistake that changes one's legal position.
Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“a party — even an insurance company such as the present appellant — should be relieved of the consequences of a unilateral mistake like the one involved here”
Establishes the controlling legal rule from Maryland Casualty Co. v. Krasnek that applies to unilateral mistakes by any party, including insurers.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligencePennsylvania National insured the Andersons' 1980 Cadillac Seville. When the vehicle sustained an engine fire, the adjuster inspected another 1980 fir…
The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.
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SCHWARTZ, Chief Judge.
Pennsylvania National insured the An-dersons’ 1980 Cadillac Seville against property damage during the period in which it sustained an engine fire. After it was taken to the dealer’s lot, the adjuster went to the premises and, induced in large measure by the uncanny coincidence that the two cars shared three of the last four digits of their vehicle identification numbers, inspected another, that is, the wrong 1980 fire-damaged Cadillac. Upon the determination that that vehicle was a total loss, the carrier forwarded drafts to the Ander-sons and their lien holder for the full insured value of their car. The claim was settled accordingly. When the error was discovered soon after, however, the insurer stopped payment on the checks. The An-dersons then brought this suit to recover on the settlement for the amounts agreed to. After a non-jury trial, the lower court found for the plaintiffs and Pennsylvania National appeals.
Because we both consider the carrier’s conduct almost amusingly inept and agree what we take to be the trial judge's reaction that the company should be made to lie in its self-made bed, it is with some regret that we conclude that the judgment below must be reversed. In our view, the case is, perhaps unfortunately,1 governed by Maryland Casualty Co. v. Krasnek, 174 So. 2d 541 (Fla.1965), which squarely holds that a party — even an insurance company such as the present appellant — should be relieved of the consequences of a unilateral mistake like the one involved here.
And there are no grounds for departing from Krasnek in this case. Neither of the two exceptions stated in the decision itself apply. First, the plaintiffs did not detrimentally rely upon the mistake since, as they concede, their only action which even arguably so qualifies, a commitment to purchase an expensive replacement vehicle, occurred before they knew of the extent of the carrier’s erroneous largesse. Second, while “some degree of negligence” was undoubtedly involved — in common, as the supreme court pointed out at 174 So. 2d 543, with all such cases — it surely does not approach the “inexcusable lack of due care” the court indicated was necessary to entitle the plaintiffs to retain their consequent windfall. 174 So. 2d at 543. Compare especially Crosby v. Andrews, 61 Fla. 554, 55 So. 57 (1911), discussed and cited with approval at 174 So. 2d 543.
Moreover, we do not share the dissenter’s belief that, because it involved a policy which had expired, Krasnek may be confined to mistakes concerning the very existence of a contractual relationship between the parties. The earlier decisions of Voss v. Forgue, 84 So. 2d 563 (Fla.1956), Wicker v. Board of Public Instruction of Dade County, 106 So. 2d 550 (Fla.1958), and Crosby v. Andrews, supra, all of which were specifically followed in Krasnek, and none of which involved such a situation, show that it may not.
For these reasons, the judgment under review is reversed and the cause remanded with directions to dismiss the complaint.
Reversed.
. Neither that Krasnek acknowlcdgcdly represents a minority view, nor that it is one with which we may disagree, affects our juridical, if not jurisdictional, obligation to follow it as imposed by Hoffman v. Jones, 280 So. 2d 431 (Fla.1973).
BARKDULL, Judge,
dissenting.
I respectfully dissent. The appellant insured an automobile owned by the appel-lees that was damaged by fire. The appel-lees duly notified the company of the loss. The company had a contractual obligation to examine the automobile to determine the extent of the damage and in doing this they examined the wrong automobile 1 and came to the conclusion that it was a total loss. They then tendered to the insured a check in full settlement of their equity interest in the automobile, which was financed with a third party bank and tendered to the bank a check in full payment of its lien.
Prior to the delivery of the checks the company was put on notice that the automobile which they determined to be a total loss was not owned by the appellees, notwithstanding this, they tendered the checks as issued, one to the insured and one to the financial institution that had the title. The title was then to be transferred to the insurance company. The appellees then made arrangements to purchase a new vehicle. Some 7 days later the company stopped payment on the drafts.
• Any mistake as to the correct damaged automobile was that of the company in fulfilling its legal duty to investigate the extent of damage to the insureds vehicle. The company tendered full payment to the insureds. They changed their position and the company should not now be relieved of its own unilateral mistake in discharging a duty under the insurance contract for which it was paid a premium to perform. Maryland Casualty Company v. Krasnek, 174 So. 2d 541 (Fla.1965) relied on by the majority is not applicable, as there was no valid policy in existence in this cited case and therefore no compensated duty on the part of the insurance company to perform. Therefore, I would affirm the final judgment under review.
. Through no fault of the insureds.
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BMW OF N. Am., Inc. v. Krathen, 471 So. 2d 585 (Fla. 4th DCA 1985)…nscionable. Maryland Casualty Co. v. Krasnek, 174 So. 2d 541 (Fla. 1965); Orkin Exterminating Co. v. Palm Beach Hotel Condominium Association, Inc., 454 So. 2d 697 (Fla. 4th DCA 1984); Pennsylvania National Mutual Casualty Insurance Co. v. Anderson, 445 So. 2d 612 (Fla. 3d DCA), review denied, 453 So. 2d 43 (Fla.1984). The facts in the case at bar provide ample support for the trial court’s implied finding of inexcusable lack of due care on the part of BMW’s counsel. The offer of judgment did not involve a c…
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In re Standard Jury Instructions-Contract & Bus. Cases, 116 So. 3d 284 (Fla. 2013)…d 585, 588 (Fla. 4th DCA 1985) (citing Maryland Cas. Co. v. Krasnek, 174 So. 2d 541 (Fla.1965); Orkin Exterminating Co. v. Palm Beach Hotel Condo. Ass’n, Inc., 454 So. 2d 697 (Fla. 4th DCA 1984); Pennsylvania Nat’l Mutual Cas. Ins. Co., v. Anderson, 445 So. 2d 612 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984)). 2. Sections 153 and 154 of the Restatement (Second) of Contracts (1979) provide: § 153. When Mistake of One Party Makes a Contract Voidable. Where a mistake of one party at the time a contract was made as to a basic assumptio…
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Henson v. James M. Barker Co., Inc., 555 So. 2d 901 (Fla. 1st DCA 1990)…dence supports the requisite elements of that claim. Maryland Casualty Co. v. Krasnek, 174 So. 2d 541 (Fla.1965); Lechuga v. Flanigan’s Enterprises, Inc., 533 So. 2d 856 (Fla. 3d DCA 1988); Pennsylvania National Mutual Casualty Ins. Co. v. Anderson, 445 So. 2d 612 (Fla. 3d DCA), rev. denied, 453 So. 2d 43 (Fla.1984); cf. Smiles v. Young, 271 So. 2d 798 (Fla. 3d DCA), cert. denied, 279 So. 2d 305 (Fla.1973). The equitable remedy of rescission is not necessarily limited to situations where the parties can be r…
Previewing 3 of 13 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Hoffman v. Jones, 280 So. 2d 431 (Fla. 1973)
- Md. Cas. Co. v. Krasnek, 174 So. 2d 541 (Fla. 1965)
- Crosby v. Andrews, 61 Fla. 554 (Fla. 1911)
- Cyrus French Wicker v. The Bd. OF Pub. Instruction OF Dade Cnty., 106 So. 2d 550 (Fla. 1958)
- Voss v. Forgue, 84 So. 2d 563 (Fla. 1956)