ASTRA D/B/A UNCETA AND COMPANY, APPELLANT,
v.
COLT INDUSTRIES OPERATING CORPORATION, THE GARCIA CORPORATION AND T.G.C., INC., APPELLEES
AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.
This case concerns whether a foreign manufacturer waived its objection to personal jurisdiction by filing initial motions without raising the issue, and whether Florida's long-arm statute could be applied retroactively. The court held that the manufacturer did not waive the objection by amending its motions before they were heard, but that the long-arm statute could not be applied retroactively to a product manufactured before the statute's effective date.
1. No, Astra did not waive its objection to personal jurisdiction because it amended its motions to include the jurisdictional issue before they were heard by the court. 2. No, the Long Arm Statute cannot be applied retroactively to a product manufactured and sold before its effective date.
[1] A defendant does not waive an objection to personal jurisdiction by filing a motion to dismiss or strike if the objection is raised by amendment to the motion before it i…
[2] A defendant's objection to personal jurisdiction is not waived by filing an initial motion that does not include the jurisdictional issue, provided the objection is raise…
Previewing 2 of 5 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“It seems to us hypertechnieal to suggest that it was waived and we hold that under the facts of this case the question was not waived.”
Reasoning for not finding waiver of personal jurisdiction.
Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceA foreign gun manufacturer, Astra, was sued for negligent manufacture of a pistol that accidentally discharged, killing a man. Astra filed motions to …
The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.
Explore caselaw by topic → Browse Negligent Manufacture cases and more on FLexlaw
PER CURIAM.
This litigation arises out of the untimely death of Walter B. Hadley, III, who was accidentally killed when struck by a bullet from a pistol in the handbag of a law enforcement officer while Hadley and the officer were present in the Boston Restaurant and Bar in Delray Beach. It appears the officer’s handbag either fell or was knocked from a table to the floor and accidentally fired.
Hadley’s personal representative sued the officer in question, the County Sheriff, Colt Industries Operating Corporation, and others. Colt filed a third party complaint against Astra d/b/a Unceta & Company, a foreign corporation domiciled in Spain, for negligent manufacture of the gun in question, and Garcia Corporation and T.G.C., Inc., the exclusive American importer and distributor of Astra handguns. Garcia and T.G.C. filed a crossclaim against Astra for negligent manufacture and for contribution. Astra filed a motion to dismiss Colt’s third party complaint, attacking the claim for indemnification. The motion did not raise any question of personal jurisdiction over Astra. Five months later, but before the motion to dismiss was heard, Astra filed an amendment to its motion to dismiss alleging lack of jurisdiction over the person. Astra also filed a motion to strike Garcia’s crossclaim as being premature because Garcia's liability to Colt had not been determined. Several months later, but before the motion was heard, Astra filed an amendment to the motion to strike asserting lack of personal jurisdiction. Subsequently, Astra filed a motion for leave of court to file the aforementioned amendments. The motions and amendments were considered by the trial court and both motions to dismiss and for leave to amend were denied. From that interlocutory order, Astra has perfected this appeal.
The record reflects that Astra manufactured the gun in question and sold it to Garcia’s predecessor in interest in the early 1960’s. Astra was served with process pursuant to Section 48.193, Florida Statutes (1981), the Florida Long Arm Statute. It also appears that Astra did nothing in the litigation that could constitute a waiver of its objection to personal jurisdiction other than its filing of the original motions to dismiss and strike.
Appellees contended that Astra made a general appearance when it initially filed its motions to dismiss and strike without including the jurisdictional issue. Astra argues that, since an attack on the personal jurisdiction of the court can be joined with a motion directed to the merits of the complaint pursuant to Rule 1.140, Florida Rules of Civil Procedure, the amendments to the motions prior to their being heard by the court save it from having waived the so-called special appearance attacking jurisdiction. Furthermore, Astra contends the service under the Long Arm Statute was defective because neither the pleadings nor the facts alleged were adequate to warrant resort to such service.
None of the cases cited by the parties answered the first issue presented. Appellees cite numerous cases which hold that the first step that a defendant takes in a proceeding, whether by motion or responsive pleading, must raise the issue of personal jurisdiction or the issue is waived. Consolidated Aluminum Corp. v. Weinroth, 422 So. 2d 330 (Fla. 5th DCA 1982); Miller v. Marriner, 403 So. 2d 472 (Fla. 5th DCA 1981); Visioneering Concrete Construction Co. v. Rodgers, 120 So. 2d 644 (Fla. 2d DCA 1960).
However, in none of them do we have the present scenario, i.e. an initial motion filed without asserting the jurisdictional question but amending the motion to raise that question before the motion is heard. In this case, prior to the motion’s being heard, Astra tried to amend the motion to raise the jurisdictional question so that when it was heard by the court, the motion asserted the jurisdictional defect. It seems to us hypertechnieal to suggest that it was waived and we hold that under the facts of this case the question was not waived.
Astra’s second contention presented by this appeal is that service of process under Section 48.193 was ineffective be cause 1) the allegations of the third party-complaint and counterclaim were insufficient to support resort to that method of service and 2) the wrongful acts complained of, if any, were not subject to the Long Arm Statute because when Astra manufactured and sold the offending gun, service of process under this statute, or its predecessor, was not available, and the statute will not be applied retroactively.
We reject the first reason set forth above, but accept the second. In Weatherhead Company v. Coletti Company, 392 So. 2d 1342 (Fla. 3d DCA 1981), the Third District Court of Appeal had a somewhat similar case before it in which the claimant was injured by the explosion of a petroleum tank maintained and serviced by the defendant gas company. Predictably, the gas company third partied Weatherhead Company, the manufacturer of the tank, who was served in Ohio under Section 48.193, Florida Statutes (1979). Weatherhead’s counsel initially filed “an appearance” but later filed a motion to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction. The Third District held, contrary to other precedent, that the filing of “an appearance” did not constitute a general appearance waiving the jurisdictional question.
Furthermore, the court held the Long Arm Statute was not available for service of process in that case because the facts showed the tank in question was manufactured and distributed by Weatherhead in the 1950’s, well before the effective date of the original statutory predecessor of Section 48.193, Florida Statutes (1979). This decision was affirmed by the Supreme Court of Florida in Public Gas Company v. Weatherhead Company, 409 So. 2d 1026 (Fla.1982). Since it is un-controverted that the gun in the case at bar was manufactured and sold by Astra prior to the effective date of our Long Arm Statute and its predecessor, the Weather-head principle applies.
Accordingly, the order appealed from is reversed and the cause is remanded with directions to dismiss Colt’s Third Party Complaint and Garcia’s Crossclaim against Astra for lack of personal jurisdiction, without prejudice to further attempts by appellees to perfect service under some other alternative statutory procedure.
REVERSED AND REMANDED, with directions.
DOWNEY, LETTS and WALDEN, JJ., concur.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Cited By
-
Re-Employment Servs., Ltd. v. Nat'l Loan Acquisitions Co., 969 So. 2d 467 (Fla. 5th DCA 2007)…ver occurs if the initial motion to dismiss is amended to include the defense before the motion is heard. See Waxoyl, A.G. v. Taylor, Brion, Buker & Greene, G.P., 711 So. 2d 1251, 1254 (Fla. 3d DCA 1998); Astra v. Colt [*471] Indus. Operating Corp., 452 So. 2d 1031, 1032 (Fla. 4th DCA 1984). In the present case, at the time RES and GSK filed their initial motion to dismiss, they had not obtained a copy of the affidavits setting forth the return of service. Before any hearing on the initial motion was held, NL…
-
Snider v. Metcalfe, 157 So. 3d 422 (Fla. 4th DCA 2015)…situation presented in Astra v. Colt Industries Operating Corp., where that defendant “did nothing in the litigation that could constitute a waiver of its objection to personal jurisdiction other than its filing of the original motion[] to dismiss.” 452 So. 2d 1031, 1032 (Fla. 4th DCA 1984). As the Second District has previously noted, “Florida courts have recognized various defenses that, when raised, do not waive personal jurisdiction.” Fatter v. [*427] Faller, 51 So. 3d 1235, 1237 (Fla. 2d DCA 2011) (motio…1 / 2
-
Cepero v. The Bank OF NEW York Mellon Tr. Co., N.A., 189 So. 3d 204 (Fla. 4th DCA 2016)…otion to assert the issue. See Re-Emp’t Serv. Ltd v. Nat’l Loan Acquisitions Co., 969 So. 2d 467, 470 (Fla. 5th DCA 2007); Waxoyl, A.G. v. Taylor, Brion, Buker & Greene, 711 So. 2d 1251, 1254 (Fla. 3d DCA 1998); Astra v. Colt Indus. Operating Corp., 452 So. 2d 1031, 1032 (Fla. 4th DCA 1984). Even this statement, however, is subject to exceptions. Because the assertion of jurisdiction is a personal right of á defendant, “a defendant waives a challenge to personal jurisdiction by seeking affirmative relief-such…
Previewing 3 of 9 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Pub. GAS Co. v. Weatherhead Co., 409 So. 2d 1026 (Fla. 1982)
- Consol. Aluminum Corp. v. Weinroth, 422 So. 2d 330 (Fla. 5th DCA 1982)
- Weatherhead Co. v. Coletti, 392 So. 2d 1342 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980)
- Miller v. Marriner, 403 So. 2d 472 (Fla. 5th DCA 1981)
- Visioneering Concrete Constr. Co. v. Rogers, 120 So. 2d 644 (Fla. 2d DCA 1960)