LA REINA PHARMACY, INC. AND FLORIBERTO LAGUNA, APPELLANTS,
v.
CARMEN LOPEZ, APPELLEE
AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.
The Third District Court of Appeal affirmed a trial court's grant of a new trial in a slip-and-fall personal injury case, finding that defense counsel's improper questioning about the plaintiff's use of a derogatory term to describe unemployment office clients was inflammatory, irrelevant, and prejudicial, warranting a new trial despite a jury verdict in the defendants' favor.
The appellate court affirmed the new trial order, holding that defense counsel's reference to the plaintiff calling unemployment office clients "scum" was improper, irrelevant to any substantive issue in the case, and did not constitute valid impeachment. The court found no abuse of discretion in the trial judge's determination that the inflammatory effect of this evidence warranted a new trial.
[1] A new trial may be granted when defense counsel's questioning introduces irrelevant and inflammatory remarks designed to prejudice the jury against a party.
[2] An inflammatory appeal to prejudice before a jury may warrant reversal, even if the trial court attempts to mitigate its effect with an instruction to disregard.
Previewing 2 of 5 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“Patently inflammatory appeals to prejudice before the jury may afford ground for reversal notwithstanding the attempt by the trial court to remove their effect by instructing the jury to disregard the remarks.”
Establishes the legal principle that inflammatory appeals can warrant reversal even when accompanied by jury instructions to disregard, which formed the basis for affirming the new trial order.
Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceCarmen Lopez sued La Reina Pharmacy and Floriberto Laguna for injuries sustained in a slip-and-fall accident. During cross-examination at trial, defen…
The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.
Explore caselaw by topic → Browse Inflammatory Remarks cases and more on FLexlaw
SCHWARTZ, Chief Judge.
The defendants in a slip-and-fall personal injury action appeal from an order granting the plaintiff Lopez a new trial after a jury verdict in their favor. We affirm.
The order was based on the following incident during Ms. Lopez’s cross-examination:
Q Did you ever go to the unemployment office after this accident and ask if they would help you find a job?
A Yes.
Q Is it not a fact, Mrs. Lopez, that you called the people scum and that’s why you would not let them help you get a job?
MR. MELLMAN [plaintiff’s counsel]: Objection, Your Honor. THE COURT: Sustained.
MR. MELLMAN: This is highly improper impeachment. Those are not the words of my client.
THE COURT: I have just sustained the objection. The jury will be instructed to disregard the last question. Okay let’s go.
MR. JENKS [defense counsel]: I’d like to read again the deposition from page 43.
MR. MELLMAN: Please do, Counsel, please do.
THE COURT: Next outburst I get from either of you — Ms. Court Reporter, mark this part of the record please.
Q Page 43, line six: “Did you go to any employment agencies? Answer yes.
Q To 8th and 13th?
A 8th and 13th.
“I went there day before yesterday, I asked, ‘And this is for the scum that arrived now?’ ”
A No, that’s for the persons who have arrived lately.
Q Isn’t that your testimony, Mrs. Lopez, is that not what you said?
MR. BECKHAM [plaintiff’s counsel]: Your Honor this is—
THE COURT: I’m going to sustain the objection. I do not think that has anything to do with impeachment. The jury will be instructed to disregard it. Let us get on to something else.
MR. JENKS: Are you saying that I cannot ask Mrs. Lopez whether or not she said that on this deposition?
THE COURT: I have just ruled on it. You have read it. The jury has heard it and I want you to go on to something else now. I think the testimony as to that particular point has been consistent and I do not think it’s been impeachment.
In the order under review, the trial court stated:
Plaintiff’s Motion for New Trial is granted for the following reasons:
1. During trial, defense counsel asked the following question:
Q: Is it not a fact, Mrs. Lopez, that you called the people there [at the employment agency] scum and that’s why you would not let them help you get a job?
The Court sustained Plaintiff’s objection to this question and instructed the jury to disregard it. Nevertheless, defense counsel persisted and asked in jury’s presence: “Are you saying that I cannot ask Mrs. Lopez whether or not she said that on this deposition.” * This statement by defense counsel carried the clear inference that Mrs. Lopez in fact made the statement, i.e., it supplied the “answer” to the question which the Court had previously disallowed.
2. At trial, the Court reserved ruling on Plaintiff’s motion for mistrial1 based on defense counsel’s inappropriate reference to “scum”.
3. The Plaintiffs credibility was an important issue at trial. The defense counsel’s assertion that Plaintiff referred to people at the unemployment agency as “scum” does not attack her credibility in any legally proper manner. Instead, having viewed the circumstances and atmosphere in which the comment was made, the Court determines that the assertion had the effect of prejudicing the jury against the Plaintiff. An atmosphere was created in which the jury would dislike the Plaintiff because she made such a comment and then rule against the Plaintiff simply because they disliked her. 4. Such an inflammatory appeal which seeks to prejudice the jury against a party cannot be condoned. As stated in 32 Fla.Jur. Trial § 132 at 372:
Patently inflammatory appeals to prejudice before the jury may afford ground for reversal notwithstanding the attempt by the trial court to remove their effect by instructing the jury to disregard the remarks.
5. In Eastern Steamship Lines, Inc. v. Martial, 380 So. 2d 1070 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980), plaintiff’s counsel made comments unrelated to the issues in the case which were designed to prejudice the jury in favor of the plaintiff. The Third District reversed. It held that the remarks
were totally improper, inappropriate and irrelevant to the issues of the cause. They appear to have been made solely for the purpose of raising sympathy for the plaintiff based upon a tragic experience totally outside the realm of materiality in the instant case.
380 So. 2d at 1072. Here, defense counsel’s reference to “scum” was “totally improper, inappropriate and irrelevant to the issues of the cause.” See also Apalachiola Northern R.R. Co. v. Tyus, 114 So. 2d 33, 37 (Fla. 1st DCA 1959) (“counsel may not indulge in abuse or resort to a patently inflammatory appeal to prejudice”).
* The following occurred during Mrs. Lopez’s deposition:
Q: Did you go to any employment agencies?
A: Yes. To 8th and 13th, I went there day before yesterday. I asked and this is for the scum that arrived now.
MR. MELLMAN: This is for the—
THE INTERPRETER: Scum.
MR. SIBILA: I don’t think that—
Off the record.
(Discussion off the record).
MR. OBER: We will accept whatever translation you like to have and we will have them both.
It thus appears that some conflict existed as to the exact translation of what Mrs. Lopez said. But in any event, defense counsel’s question, otherwise improper, does not become proper merely because it attempts to parrot the witness’ deposition testimony. The question is irrelevant and prejudicial, and its genesis in Plaintiff’s deposition does not make it otherwise.
We agree that Ms. Lopez’s colorfully-expressed derogatory opinion of the unemployment office’s recently-arrived clients2, as stated in her deposition, much less defense counsel’s incorrect statement that it related to the agency’s staff, was neither pertinent to any substantive issue in the case3 nor impeached any of her prior testimony4 and that the “scum” issue was therefore improperly interjected into the trial by the defendants. See Simmons v. Baptist Hospital of Miami, Inc., 454 So. 2d 681 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984); cf., e.g., Bishop v. Watson, 367 So. 2d 1073 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979) (new trial order based on legally insufficient or incorrect grounds reversed); National Western Life Ins. Co. v. Walters, 216 So. 2d 485 (Fla. 3d DCA 1968) (same).5 And we find no abuse of discretion in the trial judge’s conclusion, which he is uniquely qualified to render as the judicial officer on the scene that the effect of that inflammatory influence was so great that a new trial was required. Cloud v. Fallis, 110 So. 2d 669 (Fla.1959); Sosa v. Knight-Ridder Newspapers, Inc., 435 So. 2d 821, 825 (Fla.1983); 38 Fla.Jur.2d New Trial § 79 (1982).
Affirmed.
. The motion for mistrial, which was timely made at the conclusion of Ms. Lopez’s testimo ny, see Castor v. State, 365 So. 2d 701 (Fla.1978) (and which was insisted upon by plaintiffs counsel, cf., Green v. Ed Ricke and Sons, Inc., 438 So. 2d 25 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983), rev. granted, Case no. 64,483 (Fla., March 27, 1984)), distinguishes this case from several of those relied upon by the appellants, e.g., Sears Roebuck & Co. v. Jackson, 433 So. 2d 1319 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983), in which the issue was not preserved below.
. The reference was plainly to the “Marielitos” who are present in large numbers in this community.
. A statement concerning, for example, and as in this case, one’s personal feelings toward a person or group, which may reflect adversely upon him, but which has no demonstrated relevance to a triable issue in this case, does not become admissible merely because it is made by a party and appears in his deposition. 4A J. Moore, Federal Practice, ¶ 32.04 at 32-23 and ¶ 32.09 at 32-43 to 32-45 (2d ed. 1984). The character of a civil or criminal litigant is not ordinarily in issue and evidence concerning it is not ordinarily admissible into evidence. Pandula v. Fonseca, 145 Fla. 395, 199 So. 358 (1940); compare Lay v. Kremer, 411 So. 2d 1347 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982) (inflammatory racial epithets of defendant directed toward plaintiff admissible as directly relevant to disputed issue of intent). While appellants argue that the remark was relevant to the sufficiency of Ms. Lopez's job search, the only fact pertinent to that question is the undisputed one that she made only one such visit. Defense counsel was free to argue that this was insufficient without happily seizing on an inflammatory remark which was not related to that question.
. If, for example, Ms. Lopez had stated on direct that she did not go to the agency more often because she was physically unable to do so, the “scum” remark might have been permissible to show another contrary motivation. But nothing of the kind occurred here.
. Even assuming arguendo that some tangential relevance were established, it was heavily outweighed by the prejudicial effect of the remark. Sec. 90.403, Fla.Stat. (1983); Perper v. Edell, 160 Fla. 477, 44 So. 2d 78 (1949).
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Cited By
-
Jacobs v. Westgate, 766 So. 2d 1175 (Fla. 3d DCA 2000)…plainly prejudicial purpose, which was eagerly exploited, of disparaging the witness’s character and thus the acceptability [*1182] of [his] testimony....” O’Neil v. Gilbert, 625 So. 2d 982, 983 (Fla. 3d DCA 1993); La Reina Pharmacy, Inc. v. Lopez, 453 So. 2d 882, 884 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984)(“An atmosphere was created in which the jury would dislike the Plaintiff because she made such a comment and then rule against the Plaintiff simply because they disliked her.”); see also Smith v. Hooligan’s Pub & Oyster Bar,…
-
DeSANTIS v. Acevedo, 528 So. 2d 461 (Fla. 3d DCA 1988)…a. 5th DCA 1981) (same). Moreover, the prejudicial nature of the questions entirely outweighed any slight probative value the questions may have arguendo possessed. § 90.403, Fla.Stat. (1987); Simmons, 454 So. 2d at 682; La Reina Pharmacy v. Lopez, 453 So. 2d 882, 885 n. 5 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984) (any tangential relevance the evidence established was heavily outweighed by its prejudicial effect). The incidents of alleged police misconduct greatly prejudiced plaintiff’s case. The questioning of DeSantis implied th…
-
Medardo Flores Canales v. Compania de Vapores Realma, S.A., 564 So. 2d 1212 (Fla. 3d DCA 1990)…ecause it sheds light on Canales’ credibility. We disagree: any probative value such evidence might offer is far outweighed by its prejudicial effect. DeSantis v. Acevedo, 528 So. 2d 461 (Fla. 3d DCA 1988); see also La Reina Pharmacy, Inc. v. Lopez, 453 So. 2d 882 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984); Pandula v. Fonseca, 145 Fla. 395, 199 So. 358 (1940). Third, Canales maintains that the trial court erred in striking portions of his requested jury instructions on maintenance and cure. A party is entitled to jury instructions…
Previewing 3 of 8 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited (16 total)
- Cloud v. Fallis, 110 So. 2d 669 (Fla. 1959)
- Castor v. State, 365 So. 2d 701 (Fla. 1978)
- Sears Roebuck & Co. v. Arlee Jackson and Mugge Rivers, 433 So. 2d 1319 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983)
- Pandula v. Pinkey Fonseca, 145 Fla. 395 (Fla. 1940)
- Perper v. Edell, 160 Fla. 477 (Fla. 1948)
- E. S.S. Lines, Inc. v. Lamy Martial, 380 So. 2d 1070 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980)
- Apalachicola N. R.R. Co. v. Tyus, 114 So. 2d 33 (Fla. 1st DCA 1959)
- Bishop v. Watson, 367 So. 2d 1073 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979)
- Perper v. Edell, 44 So. 2d 78 (Fla. 1949)
- Donesta LAY and Larry Lay v. Kremer, 411 So. 2d 1347 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982)