JOHN ADAN, APPELLANT,
v.
THE STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 3d DCA | 1984-08-14
No. 83-2325
Before NESBITT, BASKIN and FERGUSON, JJ.
453 So. 2d 1195 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (1984) Positive Treatment
Cited by 14 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.


Holding

The court held that the plaintiff's Jones Act claim was time-barred because the statute of limitations accrued when he knew of his injury and its cause, not when the full extent of his latent injuries became known. The unseaworthiness claim was barred by laches due to the plaintiff's inexcusable delay and prejudice to the defendant from lost records.


Headnotes

[1] A defendant's representation by counsel does not preclude a knowing and voluntary waiver of the right to have counsel present during questioning by law enforcement.

[2] The admissibility of a victim's family member's identification testimony is permissible when no non-related, credible witnesses are available and the testimony does not e…

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Facts & Procedural History

The plaintiff, a seaman, sued his employer under the Jones Act and for unseaworthiness, alleging injuries from exposure to a chemical. He experienced …

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Opinion of the Court
NESBITT, Judge.

NESBITT, Judge.

The defendant appeals his judgment and conviction of second-degree murder. We affirm.

The defendant first contends that the trial court erred in denying his motion to suppress his confession. He argues that the police officer’s failure to notify the defendant’s attorney prior to talking with the defendant factually precluded an informed, knowing and voluntary waiver of the defendant’s right to remain silent. We disagree.

A similar argument was raised without success in Waterhouse v. State, 429 So. 2d 301 (Fla.1983). In that case, the supreme court refused to adopt a per se rule requiring police to notify the defendant’s attorney before communicating with the defendant. The court held:

The fact that an accused is represented by counsel does not preclude his waiver of the right to have counsel present when talking to law enforcement officers. [citation omitted]

429 So. 2d at 305. It is clear that the presence of counsel is not essential to the validity and effectiveness of a waiver of rights. Monroe v. State, 369 So. 2d 962 (Fla. 3d DCA), cert. denied, 376 So. 2d 74 (Fla.1979).

In the present case, an officer read the defendant his rights pursuant to Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694 (1966), prior to any conversation. The defendant indicated that he understood his rights and desired to waive them. He then executed a written waiver of his rights. Following this waiver, the defendant described in detail the death of the victim and his participation in the incident. We find that the voluntariness of the confession and the defendant’s waiver of rights was established by a preponderance of the evidence, see Johnson v. State, 294 So. 2d 69 (Fla.1974), and that, therefore, the trial court properly denied the defendant’s motion to suppress.

The defendant next asserts that it was error for the trial court to allow the murder victim’s sister to testify as to the identity of the deceased. The well-established rule in Florida is that a member of the deceased victim’s family may not testify for the purpose of identifying the victim where nonrelated, credible witnesses are available to make such identification. Welty v. State, 402 So. 2d 1159, 1162 (Fla.1981); Lewis v. State, 377 So. 2d 640, 643 (Fla.1979). See also Rowe v. State, 120 Fla. 649, 163 So. 22 (1935). The purpose of this rule is to assure the defendant as dispassionate a trial as possible and to prevent interjection of matters not germane to the issue of guilt. Welty, 402 So. 2d at 1162.

The record in the present case indicates that the state’s intended neutral identification witness was unable to testify due to illness. It does not appear that any other “neutral” identification witness was available at the time of trial. See Furr v. State, 229 So. 2d 269 (Fla. 2d DCA 1969), cert. denied, 237 So. 2d 538 (Fla.1970). Furthermore, it is clear from the record that the sister’s identification testimony was not of such a nature as to evoke sympathy or prejudice the defendant. Welty. Accordingly, the admission of the identification testimony was not reversible error. The defendant’s final contention is that the trial court erred in not granting a mistrial after a state witness testified that the defendant was in custody for an unre lated charge of burglary when he was questioned by an officer concerning the murder. Generally, evidence of collateral crimes is inadmissible if its sole purpose is to establish bad character or propensity of the defendant to commit a crime. Williams v. State, 110 So. 2d 654 (Fla.), cert. denied, 361 U.S. 847, 80 S.Ct. 102, 4 L.Ed.2d 86 (1959). The testimony concerning the defendant being in custody for an unrelated charge of burglary, under the particular facts of this case, was not relevant to any issue of material fact concerning the murder and therefore was inadmissible under the Williams rule. See Waterhouse, 429 So. 2d at 306. Cf. Clark v. State, 337 So. 2d 858 (Fla. 2d DCA 1976) (court indicated that evidence that defendant had been placed under arrest for an unrelated crime was relevant to give an “intelligent account of the circumstances of his making the statement,” but that evidence of what the unrelated crime was, went too far).

Where the proof of guilt is clear and convincing, however, a violation of the Williams rule may be considered harmless error. Clark v. State, 378 So. 2d 1315 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980). The record in the present case contains a statement by the defendant in which he relates his involvement in the murder. The way the body was found and the manner of death were consistent with the defendant’s account of the incident given to the police. Therefore, although we find that the Williams rule was violated; we also find that the error was harmless.1 See Waterhouse, 429 So. 2d at 306; Clark, 378 So. 2d at 1316-17.

Accordingly, since the defendant has failed to demonstrate reversible error, the judgment is affirmed.

. We also note that the trial was conducted with the trial judge sitting as the trier of fact. As observed by the supreme court in First Atlantic National Bank of Daytona Beach v. Cobbett, 82 So. 2d 870, 871 (Fla.1955):

[I]n cases tried by the Judge without a jury the Judge is in a position to evaluate the testimony and discard that which is improper or which has little or no evidentiary value.

We do not find that the testimony concerning the burglary charge harmfully affected the defendant "when considered and evaluated by an experienced trial judge.” Cobbett, 82 So. 2d at 872. See also Perez v. State, 452 So. 2d 107 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984). In fact, the defendant’s counsel himself elicited testimony of the burglary charge during the direct examination of the defendant. See Taylor v. State, 289 So. 2d 421, 423 (Fla. 3d DCA 1974). See also Killingsworth v. State, 90 Fla. 299, 105 So. 834, 837 (1925). Accordingly, no reversible error is present.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Petion v. State, 48 So. 3d 726 (Fla. 2010)
    …jury the Judge is in a position to evaluate the testimony and discard that which is improper or which has little or no evidentiary value.” First Atlantic Nat’l Bank of Daytona Beach v. Cobbett, 82 So. 2d 870, 871 (Fla.1955); see also Adan v. State, 453 So. 2d 1195, 1197 n. 1 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984) (citing this principle to review whether a trial court erred in not granting a mistrial after a state witness testified that the defendant was in custody for an unrelated charge of burglary when he was questioned by an…
  • Williamson v. State, 510 So. 2d 335 (Fla. 4th DCA 1987)
    ….1976); Farley v. State, 324 So. 2d 662, 664 (Fla. 4th DCA 1975), cert, denied, 336 So. 2d 1184 (Fla.1976), this error was harmless in light of the other substantial evidence in the case and the fact that this was a nonjury trial. See Adan v. State, 453 So. 2d 1195, 1197 n. 1 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984); Leeb v. Read, 190 So. 2d 830 (Fla. 3d DCA 1966); Capitoli v. State, 175 So. 2d 210, 213 n. 10 (Fla. 2d DCA 1965). [*339] Finally, Williamson challenges his sentence as a habitual offender, which is a departure from the…
  • Bricker v. State, 462 So. 2d 556 (Fla. 3d DCA 1985)
    …ns of the Williams rule may be considered harmless only where proof of guilt is clear and convincing so that even without the collateral evidence introduced in violation of Williams, the defendant would clearly have been found guilty. Adan v. State, 453 So. 2d 1195 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984); Clark v. State, 378 So. 2d 1315 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980). We do not view the proof of guilt against the appellant in this ease as so clear and convincing that the error committed below may be deemed harmless. Accordingly, the convictio…

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