MIKE SCHWADEL AND PETER SCHWADEL, INDIVIDUALLY, APPELLANTS,
v.
HY UCHITEL, MAURICE UCHITEL, HJU SALES & INVESTMENTS, INC., A FLORIDA CORPORATION SOUTHERN CATERERS OF NORTH BAY VILLAGE, INC., A FLORIDA CORPORATION, D/B/A "THE PLACE FOR STEAK", SOUTHERN CATERERS OF 79TH STREET, INC., A. FLORIDA CORPORATION D/B/A "NICK AND ARTHUR'S", LINDY'S OF OMNI, INC., A FLORIDA CORPORATION, SHEININ SEAFOOD DISTRIBUTORS, INC., A FLORIDA CORPORATION, J & J INTERNATIONAL ENTERPRISES, INC., A FLORIDA CORPORATION, CHUCK WAGON BAR-B-Q, INC., A FLORIDA CORPORATION, AND BAY POINT MOTORS, INC., A FLORIDA CORPORATION, JOINTLY AND SEVERALLY, APPELLEES

Fla. 3d DCA | 1984-07-10
No. 84-315
Before BASKIN, DANIEL S. PEARSON and JORGENSON, JJ.
455 So. 2d 401 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (1984) Caution
Cited by 10 cases

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Synopsis

Shareholders Mike and Peter Schwadel sought to enjoin corporate president Hy Uchitel from selling The Place for Steak, the last major asset of their restaurant holding company HJU, arguing that the sale violated statutory shareholder notice and voting rights. The appellate court reversed the trial court's denial of the injunction, holding that a sale of substantially all corporate assets requires compliance with Florida's shareholder consent statute.


Holding

The court held that shareholders are entitled to injunctive relief because the sale of The Place for Steak constitutes a sale of substantially all corporate assets subject to section 607.241's statutory protections, that Uchitel's unilateral action violated shareholders' statutory rights to notice and voting, and that legal remedies are inadequate to prevent the irreparable harm of destroying the corporation's fundamental purpose.


Headnotes

[1] A sale, lease, exchange, or other disposition of all, or substantially all, of a corporation's property and assets requires shareholder approval under Florida law when it…

[2] Shareholders have a statutory right to receive written notice and an opportunity to vote on transactions involving the sale of substantially all corporate assets.

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Key Quotes

“A sale, lease, exchange, or other disposition of all, or substantially all, the property and assets of a corporation, with or without the good will, may be made upon such terms and conditions and for such consideration ... as may be authorized in the following manner: (1) The board of directors shall adopt a resolution recommending such sale... and directing the submission thereof to a vote at a meeting of shareholders”

The statutory framework requiring board action and shareholder vote for asset sales

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Facts & Procedural History

HJU was incorporated to acquire and manage restaurant ventures in South Florida. Mike Schwadel is a major stockholder and director; Peter Schwadel is …

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Opinion of the Court
BASKIN, Judge.

BASKIN, Judge.

This appeal arises out of the efforts of corporate stockholders, Mike Schwadel and Peter Schwadel, to prevent corporate president, Hy Uchitel, from disposing of “The Place for Steak,” the last major corporate asset of H.J.U. Sales & Investments, Inc. (HJU). The trial court entered an order dissolving a temporary restraining order and a preliminary injunction and denying a permanent injunction. We reverse.

Peter Schwadel is a major stockholder of HJU. Mike Schwadel is a major stockholder and director of HJU. Hy Uchitel is a major stockholder, director and chief executive officer of HJU. HJU was incorporated for the purpose of acquiring, managing, and participating in business ventures in South Florida, primarily, restaurants. During the course of HJU’s existence, it has acquired, through its various subsidiaries, real and personal property, including several restaurants: Nick & Arthur’s, Lindy’s of Omni, and The Place for Steak. By 1983, HJU had divested itself of most of its major corporate assets, but had retained The Place for Steak. In 1983, without pri-or notice to appellants, Hy Uchitel entered into a contract for the sale of the last major corporate asset, The Place for Steak; also included in the proposed sale were Uchitel’s personal residence and a Rolls Royce automobile belonging to the corporation. Mike Schwadel and his son, Peter Schwadel, filed suit against Hy Uchitel seeking injunctive relief to prevent the sale of The Place for Steak on the ground that stockholders had not been furnished prior written notice in accordance with section 607.241, Florida Statutes (1983).

The complaint alleged that Hy Uchitel attempted to dissipate HJU corporate assets and to diminish appellants’ interests in the corporation by selling the last major corporate asset for less than fair market value in a transaction that had not been negotiated at arm’s length. The trial court entered a temporary restraining order and a preliminary injunction, with bond, enjoining the sale of The Place for Steak but, after conducting a hearing on the issuance of a permanent injunction, dissolved the preliminary injunction, discharged the bond and denied a permanent injunction.

Mike Schwadel and Peter Schwadel assert on appeal that they are entitled to injunctive relief to prevent the sale of the last corporate asset. They argue that the sale would violate the statutory rights they enjoy as shareholders and directors, namely, the right to receive prior notice, to object to the terms of the transaction, and to recover the value of their shares. We agree.

Section 607.241, Fla.Stat. (1983) provides:

A sale, lease, exchange, or other disposition of all, or substantially all, the property and assets of a corporation, with or without the good will, may be made upon such terms and conditions and for such consideration ... as may be authorized in the following manner:
(1) The board of directors shall adopt a resolution recommending such sale, lease, exchange, or other disposition and directing the submission thereof to a vote at a meeting of shareholders, which may be either an annual or a special meeting.

(2) Written notice shall be given to each shareholder of record, whether or not entitled to vote at such meeting, in the manner provided in this chapter for the giving of notice of meetings of shareholders and, whether the meeting be an annual or a special meeting, shall state that the purpose, or one of the purposes, is to consider the proposed sale, lease, exchange, or other disposition. The notice shall fairly summarize the material features of the proposed transaction and shall contain a clear and concise statement that, if the sale, lease, exchange, or other disposition is effected, shareholders dissenting therefrom are entitled, if they file a written objection to such transaction before the vote of the shareholders is taken thereon and comply with the further provisions of this chapter regarding the rights of dissenting shareholders, to be paid the fair value of their shares.

(3) At such meeting, the shareholders may authorize such sale, lease, exchange, or other disposition and may fix, or may authorize the board of directors to fix, any or all of the terms and conditions thereof and the consideration to be received by the corporation therefor. Such authorization shall require the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of the corporation entitled to vote thereon ....

The prerequisites of section 607.241 must be satisfied when a contemplated sale of major assets of a corporation will substantially limit the corporate business. See Prince George’s Country Club v. Edward R. Carr, Inc., 235 Md. 591, 202 A. 2d 354 (1964); Bean v. Commercial Securities Co., 25 Tenn.App. 254, 156 S.W. 2d 338 (1941); 6A W. Fletcher, Cyclopedia of the Law of Private Corporations § 2949.4 (rev.perm.ed. 1981 & Supp.1983).

The Place for Steak was the sole asset of Southern Caterers of North Bay Village, Inc., the wholly owned subsidiary of HJU, and the last of several restaurants owned by parent corporation HJU. It is undisputed that the fundamental purpose in forming the parent corporation and in operating the corporate enterprise through various subsidiaries was, and continues to be, to engage in the restaurant business.

Thus, the sale of The Place for Steak constitutes a sale of “substantially all” the corporate assets and is subject to the statutory rights and protections extended to stockholders under Florida’s shareholder “consent” provisions governing such transactions. See Prince George’s Country Club; Bean.

The purpose of a shareholder “consent” provision is “to protect the shareholders from fundamental change, or more specifically to protect the shareholders from the destruction of the means to accomplish the purposes or objects for which the corporation was incorporated and actually performs.” 6A W. Fletcher, Cyclopedia of the Law of Private Corporations § 2949.2 (rev.perm.ed. 1981 & Supp.1983). When Hy Uchitel entered into a contract for the sale of the last major corporate asset, he violated shareholders’ statutory rights to receive prior notice to consider the transaction and effectively barred their participation in a decision which fundamentally changes the nature of the corporation. This court must therefore decide whether injunctive relief is appropriate under these circumstances.

The general rule is that a court of equity is empowered to issue injunctive relief to prevent officers or directors of a corporation from wrongfully dealing with corporate assets and to prevent such wrongful actions from infringing upon shareholders’ voting rights. See Orlando Orange Groves Co. v. Hale, 107 Fla. 304, 144 So. 674 (1932); Penn-Texas Corp. v. Niles-Bement-Pond Co., 34 N.J.Super. 373, 112 A. 2d 302 (1955).

The proposed sale of the remaining corporate asset constituted a breach of Uchitel's fiduciary duties to the corporation and to its stockholders, see Snead v. United States Trucking Corp., 380 So. 2d 1075 (Fla. 1st DCA), review denied, 389 So. 2d 1116 (Fla.1980), and deprived shareholders of their statutory rights to notice and to vote prior to the transfer of the last corporate asset. In-junctive relief is appropriate because appellants have a clear legal right to prior notice and a vote, and legal remedies are inadequate to prevent the irreparable harm that would result from Uchitel’s unilateral decision to change the fundamental nature of the corporate enterprise. See Russell v. Florida Ranch Lands, Inc., 414 So. 2d 1178 (Fla. 5th DCA 1982); Oxford International Bank & Trust, Ltd. v. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc., 374 So. 2d 54 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979).

An award of damages would not compensate the shareholders for the destruction of the corporation caused by the transfer of the last major corporate asset. The pending sale is therefore enjoined.

Reversed and remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

ON MOTION FOR CLARIFICATION

BASKIN, Judge.

Upon remand, the trial court is directed to conduct a hearing to determine the propriety of discharging the notices of lis pendens. See Cacaro v. Swan, 394 So. 2d 538 (Fla. 4th DCA), review dismissed, 402 So. 2d 608 (Fla.1981); Dominguez v. Lopez, 346 So. 2d 627 (Fla. 3d DCA 1977).


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  • S. END Improvement Grp., Inc. v. Mulliken, 602 So. 2d 1327 (Fla. 4th DCA 1992)
    …re worth approximately $6,100,000 and that the land constituted 98% of this value. The directors contend that quantitative impacts of this magnitude do not trigger shareholder consent and dissenters’ rights statutes, and cite to Schwadel v. Uchitel, 455 So. 2d 401 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984) for this proposition. In Schwadel, the corporation disposed of its only asset, an indirectly owned restaurant. Id. at 402-03. The court discussed qualitative concepts because the asset transferred was owned by a subsidiary. Id. a…
  • Home Furniture Depot, Inc. v. Entevor AB, 753 So. 2d 653 (Fla. 4th DCA 2000)
    …(Fla.1985). .In addition to becoming a stockholder in the "new” corporation in lieu of Lee Blackwell, Carrie Blackwell also was named one of the three directors as well as the President. . § 607.1202(1), Fla. Stat. (1997); see Schwadel v. Uchitel, 455 So. 2d 401, 403 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984). . Whether Hodges’ failure to advise the corporate officers in this respect was a legal cause of loss to the plaintiff remains a factual issue. . The court's conclusion is this respect must be taken to mean that Hodges had…
  • Mrs. John M. Reynolds v. THE Surf Club, 473 So. 2d 1327 (Fla. 3d DCA 1985)
    …ets on behalf of the proprietor’s certificate holders, who, as the trial court pointed out, occupy a position equivalent to that of corporate shareholders. See Orlando Orange Groves Co. v. Hale, 107 Fla. 304, 144 So. 674 (1932); Schwadel v. Uchitel, 455 So. 2d 401 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984). But the threatened and actual improprieties precluded by Long do not now exist and are not now in issue. As shown in part by the fact that the Circuit Court judgment affirmed there specifically permitted an appropriate mortgage,…

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