KENNETH C. GAVIN, APPELLANT,
v.
MARY GAVIN, APPELLEE
AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.
In a dissolution of marriage case, the court held that a default judgment was improperly entered when the clerk accepted a motion for default before the defendant's timely-served answer could be received by mail. The court reversed the default and final judgment, establishing that service by mail is effective upon mailing and clerks must allow a reasonable period for mail delivery before entering defaults.
The court held that the default was improperly entered because service by mail is effective upon mailing, the certificate of service is prima facie proof of timely service, and clerks must allow approximately five days for mail delivery before entering default. Because the default was premature, it must be set aside, and the defendant need not show excusable neglect or a meritorious defense to obtain relief.
[1] A default entered by the clerk of court is improper if the party against whom default is sought has timely served a responsive pleading, even if the pleading has not yet…
[2] Service of a pleading by mail is complete upon mailing, and a certificate of service is prima facie proof of service.
Previewing 2 of 6 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“Service by mail is considered complete on mailing. Rule 1.080(b), Florida Rules of Civil Procedure. The certificate of service is considered prima facie proof of service. Rule 1.080(f), Florida Rules of Civil Procedure.”
Establishes the foundational rule that service becomes effective upon mailing, not receipt, making the clerk's entry of default before the answer could arrive premature.
Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAppellant was served with a dissolution petition on July 20, 1983, with twenty days to respond. On August 9, 1983 (the twentieth day), appellant's att…
The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.
Explore caselaw by topic → Browse Bifurcation Of Proceedings cases and more on FLexlaw
SMITH, Judge.
This case involves one dispositive issue: Whether appellant is entitled to have the default and final judgment entered in this dissolution of marriage proceeding set aside because of premature entry of default by the clerk of the circuit court. We answer in the affirmative, and hold that appellant’s Rule 1.540, Florida Rules of Civil Procedure, motion should have been granted.
Appellee filed a petition for dissolution of marriage, which was personally served upon appellant July 20, 1983. On August 9, 1983, the twentieth day after service, appellant’s attorney prepared and, according to his certificate of service, mailed a copy of an answer and counter-petition to appellee’s attorney, the original to the clerk of the circuit court. On August 10, 1983, appellee moved for entry of default by the clerk of the circuit court, Bay County. The clerk entered default against the appellant on the same date. On August 11, 1983, appellee appeared before the trial court and secured a final judgment against appellant, dissolving the marriage between the parties. On the same date, appellant’s answer and counter-petition was received by U.S. Mail in the clerk’s office. However, this pleading was returned to appellant’s attorney by the clerk of court, pursuant to Rule 1.500(c), Florida Rules of Civil Procedure, because default had previously been entered against the appellant.
On September 1, 1983, appellant’s attorney requested that appellee and her attorney stipulate to setting aside the default and final judgment. When this request was refused, appellant filed a motion with the trial court pursuant to Rule 1.540, Flor-ida Rules of Civil Procedure, to set aside the default and final judgment. As grounds for this motion, appellant alleged that the default and final judgment were both improperly entered since appellant had served his answer and counter-petition within the time allowed by rule and by the command of the summons. Appellant’s motion was supported by a sworn statement that he had been duly served with process on July 20, 1983, that the summons stated that he had twenty days in which to answer, and that his answer and counter-petition had been served on appellee’s attorney on August 9, 1983, by U.S. Mail, the twentieth day of the twenty-day time limit for response. Appellant also alleged that appellee had actual knowledge, several days prior to her application for default, that appellant was represented by counsel and that a response to her petition for dissolution of marriage was forthcoming.
After a hearing on appellant’s motion to set aside default and final judgment held on February 8,1984, the trial court entered an order denying appellant’s motion. However, the court’s order allowed appellant’s answer and counter-petition to be filed with the court, and further indicated that the court would determine all issues raised in the appellant’s answer and counter-petition except the dissolution of the parties’ marriage. This appeal followed.
We first note what has been referred to as a “long standing policy of liberality toward the vacating of defaults.” Northshore Hospital, Inc. v. Barber, 143 So. 2d 849, 852 (Fla.1962), quoted in Garcia Ins. Agency, Inc. v. Diaz, 351 So. 2d 1137, 1138 (Fla. 2d DCA 1977); see also, Gay v. Moreland, 450 So. 2d 1270 (Fla. 5th DCA 1984) (same). Rule 1.500(a), Florida Rules of Civil Procedure, provides:
When a party against whom affirmative relief is sought has failed to file or serve any paper in the action, the party seeking relief may have the clerk enter a default against the party failing to serve or file such paper, (emphasis supplied)
Service by mail is considered complete on mailing. Rule 1.080(b), Florida Rules of Civil Procedure. The certificate of service is considered prima facie proof of service. Rule 1.080(f), Florida Rules of Civil Procedure. If a pleading containing a certificate of service is tendered for filing, the certificate is prima facie proof that service has been made effective as of the date of the certificate, even though a copy has not been received by the opposing party. Accordingly, in order to avoid entry of a default prematurely, at least five days should be allowed by the clerk for mail delivery after a return date, before default is entered. Trawick, Florida Practice and Procedure, § 25-2 (1983). Here, the certificate of service on appellant’s answer and counter-petition states that service was furnished to appellee’s attorney by U.S. Mail on August 9, 1983, which was the last day within the twenty day time period within which appellant’s response was due. There was no proof below to rebut the presumption that service was effected as stated by the certificate.
This case is indistinguishable from Meyerson v. Block, 404 So. 2d 807 (Fla. 3d DCA 1981). In Meyerson, according to the certificate of service, the defendant's attorney mailed his answer nineteen days after service of the complaint. The clerk, however, entered a default on the twenty-second day, and then received and filed the answer on the twenty-third day. The court in Meyer-son held that since service was effective when mailed, that is, on the nineteenth day, the entry of default was improper. See also, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner and Smith, Inc. v. Publishers Vending Services, Inc., 296 So. 2d 570 (Fla. 3d DCA 1974), cert. den., 305 So. 2d 208 (Fla.1974); MoCon Properties, Inc. v. American Mechanical, Inc., 289 So. 2d 744 (Fla. 4th DCA 1974). Accordingly, default was entered prematurely in the case at bar. In such circumstances, a defendant need not show either excusable neglect or a meritorious defense in order to have the default set aside. Hyman v. Canter, 389 So. 2d 322, 323 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980); Turner v. Allen, 389 So. 2d 686, 687 (Fla. 5th DCA 1980). Since the default was untimely entered, the entry of final judgment was improper, and should have been set aside by the court.
Appellee attempts to defend the trial court’s ruling by arguing here that appellant’s responsive pleading was not in fact timely served. In support of this argument, appellee has filed copies of the envelopes in which appellant mailed his responsive pleading to appellee’s attorney and the clerk of the circuit court, respectively. Appellee points out that the postmark on each of these envelopes indicates a mailing date of August 10, 1983, one day after the date on which appellant’s responsive pleading was due. Appellant responded to the evidence adduced by appellee in this court by filing an affidavit of a postal clerk employed in the Blountstown, Florida post office indicating that any mail deposited in that post office after 4:20 P.M. is postmarked the day following its actual receipt. Of course, we must reject the attempt by both counsel to present evidence in this court. We think, however, that the evidence attempted to be adduced by appellee here would be insufficient, even if accepted, to overcome the prima facie effect of-the certificate of service found on appellant’s answer and counter-petition.
Two further issues raised by the parties need to be only briefly addressed. First, appellant suggests that the final judgment entered on appellee’s motion for default improperly bifurcated the proceedings below by dissolving the parties’ marriage while concurrently reserving jurisdiction for all other matters, Claughton v. Claughton, 393 So. 2d 1061 (Fla.1981). As previously noted, in the trial court’s order of March 6, 1984, denying appellant’s motion to set aside default and final judgment, the court simultaneously reserved jurisdiction to determine all issues raised in appellant’s answer and counter-petition, with the exception of the actual dissolution of the parties’ marriage. The practical import of the trial court’s order below was to grant appellant’s motion to set aside default and final judgment as to some issues while at the same time denying the same as to others. However, we see no need to consider this irregular procedure because our action here in vacating the judgment because it was improperly entered renders the issue moot.
Finally, appellant has filed a petition with this court for attorney’s fees, Rule 9.400, Florida Rules of Appellate Procedure. As grounds in support of his motion, appellant cites Sanchez v. Sanchez, 435 So. 2d 347 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983). Appellant’s reliance on Sanchez is misplaced. This issue here is not comparable to that in Sanchez, which involved a mere scrivener’s error, but rather, involved a basic disagreement as to interpretation of the rules of procedure. We find no basis in the record indicating that appellee or her attorney were seeking merely to harass appellant when they refused to stipulate to setting aside the default judgment. Rather, we see their actions as motivated by a genuine belief that they had taken no improper action in securing the default. Moreover, we agree with the observation of our sister court in Meyerson, supra at 808, n. 4, that “[pjrudent counsel could [have avoided] the entire problem, including the expense of having the default set aside, which in this case includes the expense of an appeal by filing as well as serving the answer within twenty days.” (emphasis in original).
The order denying motion to set aside the default and final judgment is reversed, and the trial court is ordered to vacate and set aside the final judgment dated August 11, 1983.
REVERSED and REMANDED with directions.
JOANOS and ZEHMER, JJ., concur.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Cited By (15 total)
-
Gibraltar Serv. Corp. v. Lone & Assocs., Inc., 488 So. 2d 582 (Fla. 4th DCA 1986)…iling of a paper occurred on the same day as entry of the default. It seems to follow that under such circumstances the defaulted party does not need to show excusable neglect or a meritorious defense to have the default vacated. See Gavin v. Gavin, 456 So. 2d 535 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984).…
-
Fredric J. Hodkin v. Ledbetter, 487 So. 2d 1214 (Fla. 4th DCA 1986)…efore default is [*1217] entered. Also, service by mail is considered complete on mailing, Florida Rule of Civil Procedure 1.080(b), and a certificate of service is considered prima facie proof of such service. Fla.R.Civ.P. 1.080(f); Gavin v. Gavin, 456 So. 2d 535 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984). Here, the evidence before the trial court, including the certificate of service and the court date stamp of April 20, 1984 on the pleading, established that Hodkin did in fact serve by mail a motion for rehearing on the same da…
-
Irwindale Co., N.V. v. Three Islands Olympus, 474 So. 2d 406 (Fla. 4th DCA 1985)…. 4th DCA 1982) (answer filed by defendant, one week before hearing on motion for default, deprived trial court of ability to consider default); see also Herbert Harris, Inc. v. Transflorida Bank, 459 So. 2d 1169 (Fla. 4th DCA 1984); Gavin v. Gavin, 456 So. 2d 535 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984); Freedman v. Freedman, 235 So. 2d 544 (Fla: 3d DCA), cert. denied, 241 So. 2d 859 (Fla.1970). Furthermore, in light of the way the plaintiff amended the complaints, it is arguable that the defendant intended to stand on its origi…
Previewing 3 of 15 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited (13 total)
- N. Shore Hosp., Inc. v. Barber, 143 So. 2d 849 (Fla. 1962)
- Claughton v. Claughton, 393 So. 2d 1061 (Fla. 1980)
- Garcia Ins. Agency, Inc. v. Diaz, 351 So. 2d 1137 (Fla. 2d DCA 1977)
- Turner v. Allen, 389 So. 2d 686 (Fla. 5th DCA 1980)
- Sanchez v. Sanchez, 435 So. 2d 347 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983)
- Morgan v. State, 289 So. 2d 744 (Fla. 4th DCA 1974)
- Mo-Con Props., Inc. v. Am. Mech., Inc., 289 So. 2d 744 (Fla. 4th DCA 1974)
- Merrill Lynch v. Publisher's Vending Servs., Inc., 296 So. 2d 570 (Fla. 3d DCA 1974)
- Hyman v. Goldie Canter, 389 So. 2d 322 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980)
- Sol W. Meyerson and Bernice Ann Meyerson v. Block, 404 So. 2d 807 (Fla. 3d DCA 1981)