UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE,
v.
ATANACIO ESPARZA GARZA, DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
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The court held that stops at permanent checkpoints are consistent with the Fourth Amendment, and a subsequent search is proper if based on consent or probable cause.
Garza was stopped at a permanent immigration checkpoint where an officer detected the odor of marijuana, leading to the discovery of marijuana in his …
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PER CURIAM:
Garza appeals a judgment of conviction for possession of ninety-four pounds of marijuana with intent to distribute, a violation of 21 U.S.C.A. § 841(a)(1). We affirm.
The facts are stipulated by the parties. On April 25, 1975, Garza stopped at a permanent immigration checkpoint, manned by the Border Patrol, located seven miles south of Falfurrias, Texas, about 77 highway miles from the Mexican border. While questioning Garza, the officer noticed an odor of marijuana and requested him to open the trunk. Three suitcases were found which contained marijuana. Garza, in a motion to suppress, challenged the constitutionality of the search, contending that there was no probable cause to search. He also challenged the authority of the Border Patrol to stop vehicles at the checkpoint. The district court denied the motion.
In Sifuentes v. United States, 1976,-U.S. -, -, 96 S.Ct. 3074, 3086, 49 L.Ed.2d-, the Court held that “. stops for brief questioning routinely conducted at permanent checkpoints are consistent with the Fourth Amendment * * * ”, and that a search thereafter was proper if based upon consent or probable cause. The Falfurrias checkpoint is a permanent checkpoint within the parameters of Sifuentes, supra. Thus, the stop was constitutionally valid and the odor of marijuana emanating from the vehicle gave the officer probable cause to conduct the search. United States v. Coffey, 5 Cir. 1975, 520 F. 2d 1103.
AFFIRMED.
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United States v. McCRARY, 543 F.2d 554 (5th Cir. 1976)
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United States v. Eliseo Andrade, 545 F.2d 1032 (5th Cir. 1977)
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- Isbell Enters., Inc. v. Citizens Cas. Co. OF NEW York, 431 F.2d 409 (5th Cir. 1970)
- United States v. Martinez-Fuerte, 428 U.S. 543 (U.S. 1976)
- United States v. Coffey, 520 F.2d 1103 (5th Cir. 1975)