NATHAN RUSSELL DARBY, A/K/A WILLIAM REED, JR., APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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The court held that the convenience of trying co-defendants together is not an exceptional circumstance justifying an extension of speedy trial time when a defendant's right to a speedy trial is at stake.
[1] The convenience of a joint trial is not an exceptional circumstance justifying a state's motion for extension of speedy trial time when a defendant's right to a speedy tr…
[2] A court must order severance of co-defendants' trials when necessary to protect a defendant's right to a speedy trial.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceDarby and a co-defendant were charged with grand theft. The state moved for an extension of speedy trial time to accommodate the co-defendant's new co…
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ERVIN, Chief Judge.
Darby appeals from a final order granting the state’s motion for extension of speedy trial time and denying appellant’s motion for severance, resulting in appellant’s conviction and sentence. We reverse.
On December 2, 1982, by amended information, Darby and a co-defendant were charged with grand theft, which they had allegedly committed on September 25,1982. His co-defendant was also charged in the same information with knowingly giving a false name and false date of birth to a police officer. On March 10, 1983, the state filed a motion for extension of speedy trial time pursuant to Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.191(f)(5), permitting a court to order an extension of speedy trial time if exceptional circumstances are shown to exist. The specific provision of subsection (f)(5), relied upon by the state, requires “a showing that a delay is necessary to accommodate a co-defendant, where there is reason not to sever the cases in order to proceed promptly with trial of the defendant.” (e.s.) The state alleged that the co-defendant had hired new counsel who had informed the state that he could not be prepared for the trial which had been set for March 23,1983. As a result, it was further alleged that severance of the two defendants’ trials would require the travel of a witness from Miami to Tallahassee for two separate trials, thereby causing an undue burden to the state. During the hearing, appellant moved for a severance as authorized by Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.152(b)(1) and (i), providing that a court “shall order a severance ... before trial ... [where] necessary to protect a defendant’s right to a speedy trial.” (e.s.) The trial judge granted the state’s motion for extension of speedy trial time, but denied the motion for severance.
On April 20, 1983, after the speedy trial period had expired, the defense orally renewed its earlier objections to the extension of time and to the denial of the severance, and moved for discharge of the defendant. The trial judge denied the motion for discharge, whereupon the appellant pled nolo contendere to the charge of grand theft, reserving his right to appeal the denial of the motion for discharge.
[I] The result reached by the trial court in denying a motion to sever and granting a motion to extend the time for speedy trial illustrates the inconsistency in applying simultaneously rules 3.191(f)(5) and 3.152(b)(l)(i). On the one hand, the trial judge may, under rule 3.191(f)(5), allow an extension of speedy trial time in order to accommodate a co-defendant “where there is reason not to sever the cases in order to proceed promptly with trial of the defendant” (e.s.). On the other hand, rule 3.152(b)(l)(i) mandates severance of the defendants to protect a defendant's right to a speedy trial. See Rico v. State, 463 So. 2d 1172 (Fla. 2d DCA 1984).
The state argues that an appropriate reason for extending the time for speedy trial is if severance were granted and the time for trial of both cases not extended, a material witness would be forced to travel from Miami to Tallahassee for the purpose of testifying at the two separate trials. The question then becomes whether the state’s desire “to try [the] defendants together for the sake of convenience is a reason not to sever [the cases] when a defendant’s right to a speedy trial is at stake.” Westlake v. Miner, 460 So. 2d 430, 432 (Fla. 1st DCA. 1984) (e.s.). Faced with this issue in West-lake, the court stated that “when Rule 3.152 and Rule 3.191 are read in pari mate-ria, we must conclude that the convenience of a joint trial is not an exceptional circumstance justifying a state’s motion for extension of the speedy trial time.” Id. Furthermore, if an order of severance is necessary to protect a defendant’s right to a speedy trial, the right to a speedy trial “takes precedence over the mere convenience to the state of trying” the defendants together. Machado v. State, 431 So. 2d 337, 339 (Fla. 2d DCA 1983) (e.s.).
We therefore must conclude that the trial judge erred in denying appellant’s motion for severance and granting the state’s motion for extension of time for speedy trial.1
Nevertheless, we follow the earlier path of this court in Westlake, 460 So. 2d at 433, and certify, pursuant to Florida Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.030(a)(2)(B)(i), the following to be a question of great public importance:
Is the convenience to the state of trying co-defendants together a sufficient reason in and of itself to extend an objecting defendant’s speedy trial time and deny a motion to sever when a delay is necessary to accommodate a codefendant?
Reversed and remanded with instructions to discharge the defendant.
MILLS and ZEHMER, JJ., concur. . An issue not addressed in Westlake because the case arose out of a petition for writ of prohibition to prohibit further trial proceedings, but one which we feel constrained to note from this record, is whether a defendant’s motion to sever his trial from that of his co-defendant can be considered to have been made in good faith when the moving defendant does not go forward with trial of the cause against him, but later, as here, enters a plea of nolo contendere to the charge, reserving only his right to appeal the denial of the motion for discharge. A motion to sever, made for the purpose of preserving the defendant’s right to speedy trial, would seem to be an implicit representation to the court that if the motion were granted, the defendant would then be prepared to go forward with the trial on its merits within the time yet remaining under the speedy trial rule. Perhaps the defendant could be said to no longer be bound by such representation once the motion is denied; yet, by analogy; a defendant who files in bad faith a demand for speedy trial, when he is obviously not prepared to go to trial within the sixty-day period provided in rule 3.191(a)(2), is not entitled to rely upon the lesser time period in which to be tried. State v. Kaufman, 421 So. 2d 776 (Fla. 5th DCA 1982); State v. Wright, 389 So. 2d 289 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980).
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Cited By
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Lasker v. The Honorable James S. Parker & the Honorable John R. Blue, 513 So. 2d 1374 (Fla. 2d DCA 1987)…iligently investigated his case and who is genuinely prepared to go to trial in no more than five days. Fla.R. Crim.P. 3.191(c). Otherwise the demand is ineffective and failure to honor it does not entitle the defendant to discharge. Darby v. State, 463 So. 2d 496 (Fla. 1st DCA 1985), aff'd., 482 So. 2d 1368 (Fla.1986). Where, however, a demand for speedy trial, unlike a motion for discharge, represents an affirmative effort on behalf of the defendant to avail himself of additional, contingent rights under th…
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State v. Reaves, 609 So. 2d 701 (Fla. 4th DCA 1992)…. 2d 24 (Fla.1973) (by filing motion to dismiss alleging insufficient information to prepare a defense two weeks after demand, defendant admitted his demand was spurious, because it indicated he was, or would be, prepared for trial); Darby v. State, 463 So. 2d 496 (Fla. 1st DCA 1985), approved, 482 So. 2d 1368 (Fla.1986) (a defendant who files in bad faith a demand when he obviously is not prepared to go to trial within the period provided in rule 3.191(a)(2) is not entitled to rely on the lesser period in wh…
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Martin v. Honorable Manuel Menendez, Jr., 467 So. 2d 1035 (Fla. 2d DCA 1985)…w, all charged in a single information and petitioner, though once severed solely for the purpose of an early trial within his speedy trial deadline, never moved for a severance. Cf. Rico v. State, 463 So. 2d 1172 (Fla. 2d DCA 1985); Darby v. State, 463 So. 2d 496 (Fla. 1st DCA 1985). Littlefield is distinguishable because there the state never moved for an extension of speedy trial as the state did in petitioner’s case below. As the court in Littlefield stated: By making accommodation of a code-fendant a b…
Previewing 3 of 5 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- State v. Kaufman, 421 So. 2d 776 (Fla. 5th DCA 1982)
- Aristides MacHado v. State, 431 So. 2d 337 (Fla. 2d DCA 1983)
- RICO v. State, 463 So. 2d 1172 (Fla. 2d DCA 1984)
- State v. Wright, 389 So. 2d 289 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980)
- Westlake v. The Honorable Charles E. Miner, 460 So. 2d 430 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984)