RICHARD STRONG, APPELLANT,
v.
THE STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 3d DCA | 1985-03-05
No. 83-1599
Before HENDRY, BASKIN and JOR-GENSON, JJ.
465 So. 2d 549 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (1985) Positive Treatment
Cited by 6 cases

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Synopsis

The Florida District Court of Appeal reversed convictions for manslaughter, holding that blood samples were unlawfully withdrawn and the resulting tests were erroneously admitted into evidence. The court emphasized strict compliance with statutory requirements for blood sample collection.


Holding

Yes, the blood samples were unlawfully withdrawn because they were not obtained in compliance with the mandatory provisions of the statute. Consequently, the blood tests were erroneously admitted into evidence, necessitating reversal of the convictions.


Key Quotes

“the fact that the person who has drawn the defendant’s blood is not statutorily authorized to do so fatally infects the reliability of the test results and renders them inadmissible into evidence.”

establishes the legal standard for the admissibility of blood test results.

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Facts & Procedural History

Blood samples were withdrawn from the appellant, Strong, and tested. The samples were not taken at the request of a law enforcement officer, nor were …

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Opinion of the Court
BASKIN, Judge.

BASKIN, Judge.

Strong appeals his convictions for manslaughter. We reverse upon a finding that blood samples were unlawfully withdrawn from Strong, and the resulting blood tests were erroneously admitted into evidence.

The undisputed facts in the record reveal that the blood samples withdrawn from Strong were not taken at the request of a law enforcement officer, nor were they procured by a qualified individual pursuant to the mandatory provisions of section 316.1932(l)(f)2., Florida Statutes (Supp.1982). As this court stated in State v. Roose, 450 So. 2d 861 (Fla. 3d DCA), review denied, 451 So. 2d 850 (Fla.1984):

[T]he fact that the person who has drawn the defendant’s blood is not statutorily authorized to do so fatally infects the reliability of the test results and renders them inadmissible into evidence.

See Campbell v. State, 423 So. 2d 488 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982); Grala v. State, 414 So. 2d 621 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982). The trial court’s refusal to suppress the samples and tests requires reversal because the unlawfully obtained evidence was used to procure Strong’s convictions. Cf. Grant v. Brown, 429 So. 2d 1229 (Fla. 5th DCA), review denied, 438 So. 2d 832 (Fla.1983) (blood test admissible to establish comparative negligence in personal injury case even though not taken in compliance with statute). The statute calls for strict compliance with its terms in contemplation of the extreme invasion of individual privacy it sanctions. For this reason, courts may not deem a failure to follow its directives technical or a violation of its requirements harmless.

State v. Bender, 382 So. 2d 697 (Fla.1980) does not render the blood tests admissible in the case at bar. The test results were introduced in support of the state’s contention that Strong’s motor vehicle intoxication was evidence of his culpable negligence. Accordingly, failure to comply with the mandatory provisions of the statute foreclosed admission of the blood tests.

Reversed and remanded.

Dissent
JORGENSON, Judge,

[*551] JORGENSON, Judge,

dissenting.

Because I believe that neither section 316.1932(l)(f) 2, Florida Statutes (Supp. 1982), nor section 322.261(2)(b), Florida Statutes (1981), are applicable; that State v. Roose, 450 So. 2d 861 (Fla. 3d DCA), rev. denied, 451 So. 2d 850 (Fla.1984), which involves DUI manslaughter, is distinguishable on its facts; and, further, that Campbell v. State, 423 So. 2d 488 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982), was wrongly decided, I respectfully dissent.1

The blood samples in question were withdrawn from Strong with his consent by a medical technician (concededly not qualified under section 322.261(2)(b)) for medical purposes and forwarded to a medical laboratory for analysis. The samples were seized pursuant to a search warrant, the validity of which Strong does not contest. The samples were subsequently transferred by the investigating officer to the Dade County Medical Examiner’s office where toxicological tests were performed, revealing the presence of .06% alcohol. Strong does not contest the accuracy of the test performed by the Dade County Medical Examiner. The legislation surrounding DUI and DUI manslaughter cases resulted from the Legislature’s recognition (undoubtedly in light of Schmerber v. California, 384 U.S. 757, 86 S.Ct. 1826,16 L.Ed.2d 908 (1966)) of the privacy interest involved in such cases; such privacy interest is not implicated under the facts herein where the blood samples were not taken at the request of a law enforcement officer for purposes of an investigation. Nor are the several statutory provisions surrounding the admissibility of blood alcohol evidence, which I freely acknowledge must be strictly complied with, involved since Strong was convicted of manslaughter by culpable negligence and blood alcohol evidence is not an element of the offense charged. The Florida supreme court in State v. Bender, 382 So. 2d 697 (Fla.1980), stated that where motor vehicle driver intoxication is not involved the implied consent provision is inapplicable and, consequently, the results of blood tests are admissible into evidence without compliance with the administrative rules if the traditional predicate is laid which establishes the reliability of the test, the qualifications of the operator, and the meaning of the test results by expert testimony. Id. at 700. In Grant v. Brown, 429 So. 2d 1229 (Fla. 5th DCA), rev. denied, 438 So. 2d 832 (Fla.1983), blood samples taken pursuant to hospital emergency room treatment were held to be admissible as part of the injured party’s hospital records.2

The evidence in this case reflects that Strong was speeding (60 m.p.h. in a 45 m.p.h. zone), driving at dusk without the headlights illuminated (only his parking lights were on), and had been drinking. Each of the foregoing facts, standing alone, would not support a conviction for manslaughter, see, e.g., Grantham v. State, 358 So. 2d 878 (Fla. 2d DCA 1978), but these facts when taken together are sufficient to support a conviction of manslaughter. See Flint v. State, 117 So. 2d 552 (Fla. 2d DCA 1960).

I would affirm.

. The opinion of the court additionally relied on Grala v. State, 414 So. 2d 621 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982), which is inapposite to the facts sub judice.

. See Pardo v. State, 429 So. 2d 1313, 1315 (Fla. 5th DCA 1983) (citing Grant and holding that results of blood alcohol tests not taken in compliance with sections 322.261 and 322.262 are admissible in civil and criminal cases which do not involve the suspension of driver's licenses as a statutory sanction, if otherwise admissible under the general rules of evidence).


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Citator

Cited By

  • State v. Strong, 504 So. 2d 758 (Fla. 1987)
    …OVERTON, Justice. This is a petition to review Strong v. State, 465 So. 2d 549 (Fla. 3d DCA 1985), in which the district court reversed defendant’s manslaughter convictions, holding the admission of blood test evidence violated section 316.1932(l)(f)2, Florida Statutes (Supp.1982). We find conflict with State v. Bender, 382 So…
  • Gulley v. State, 501 So. 2d 1388 (Fla. 4th DCA 1987)
    …s been called upon to determine the admissibility of test results obtained in violation of statutory directives similar to those violated in this case. The decisions have uniformly held that such results are inadmissible. See, e.g., Strong v. State, 465 So. 2d 549 (Fla. 3d DCA 1985); State v. Boose, 450 So. 2d 861 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984), pet. for rev. den., 451 So. 2d 850 (Fla.1984); State v. Potter, 438 So. 2d 1085 (Fla. 2d DCA 1983); Campbell v. State, 423 So. 2d 488 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982). We are of the opinion t…
  • State v. Walther, 519 So. 2d 731 (Fla. 1st DCA 1988)
    …ng or significance of the blood alcohol level obtained through the methods pursued. Nevertheless the court felt constrained because of decisions of this court and other district courts of appeal to grant the motion to suppress. See Strong v. State, 465 So. 2d 549 (Fla. 3rd DCA 1985); and Campbell v. State, 423 So. 2d 488 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982). Subsequent to the trial court’s order, the Florida Supreme Court decided State v. Strong, 504 So. 2d 758 (Fla.1987). Just as in this case, Strong’s blood test was taken…

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