STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLANT,
v.
CARL MARION WELLS, APPELLEE
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Florida appeals a trial court's dismissal of a sexual battery of a child charge filed by information rather than indictment. The appellate court reverses, holding that because sexual battery of a child is no longer punishable by death following prior Florida Supreme Court decisions, it need not be charged by grand jury indictment.
A person charged with sexual battery of a child may be charged by information rather than indictment because, although the crime is labeled 'capital,' it is no longer punishable by death. Since conviction is not serious enough to warrant capital punishment, it is not serious enough to require the constitutional protection of grand jury indictment mandated for capital felonies.
[1] A person charged with sexual battery of a child may be charged by information if the crime is no longer punishable by death.
[2] A crime labeled "capital" by the legislature does not require a twelve-person jury if the death penalty cannot be imposed.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“inasmuch as the crime of sexual battery of a child is no longer a capital crime in the sense that conviction thereof is punishable by death, a person may be charged with commission of that crime by information”
States the core holding of the court regarding the charging mechanism for sexual battery of a child
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceCarl Marion Wells was charged with sexual battery of a child in violation of section 794.011(2), Florida Statutes (1983). The charge was brought by in…
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LEHAN, Judge.
The state appeals from the trial court’s order granting defendant’s motion to dismiss the information which charged defendant with sexual battery of a child, a violation of section 794.011(2), Florida Statutes (1983). The trial court reasoned that sexual battery of a child is labeled by the legislature as a capital offense and, since article I, section 15(a) of the Florida Constitution provides that no person shall be tried for a capital crime without indictment by a grand jury, defendant could not be properly charged by information. The state contends on appeal that sexual battery of a child pursuant to section 794.011(2), Florida Statutes (1983), need not be charged by indictment in light of two recent Florida Supreme Court decisions.
In Buford v. State, 403 So. 2d 943 (Fla.1981), the supreme court held that sexual battery of a child is no longer punishable by death. Subsequently, in State v. Hogan, 451 So. 2d 844 (Fla.1984), the supreme court held that a twelve-person jury is not required for a crime labeled “capital” by the legislature but for which the death penalty cannot be imposed. A person charged with sexual battery of a child can therefore be tried by a six-person jury.
We agree with the state’s contention and reverse. We hold that inasmuch as the crime of sexual battery of a child is no longer a capital crime in the sense that conviction thereof is punishable by death, a person may be charged with commission of that crime by information. We believe that our holding is a logical extension of the holding in Hogan which, we recognize, had not been decided at the time of the trial court’s order which is appealed from here.
The rationale of Hogan may be perceived to be that if conviction of that felony is not serious enough to be punishable by death, it is not serious enough to be classified as a capital felony within the meaning and intent of the statute calling for a twelve-person jury in capital felony cases. Consistent with that rationale, we believe that since conviction of that felony is not serious enough to be punishable by death, it is not serious enough to be classified as a capital felony within the meaning and intent of the foregoing constitutional provision calling for indictment by grand jury in a capital felony case.
The supreme court in Hogan stated the belief that its holding was consistent with the legislative intent behind the statute providing for twelve-person juries. We believe our holding in the case at hand is consistent with the intent behind the foregoing constitutional provision and section 794.011(2) labeling the crime as “capital.”
Both Hogan and the case at hand involve, in a broad sense, what type of jury is required with regard to the crime of sexual battery of a child. Both involve the number of persons who must make decisions with reference to that crime. Hogan concerns the number of persons to decide guilt or innocence. The case at hand involves the number of persons to decide whether or not to charge that crime. We cannot say that the decision to charge the crime is more important, and therefore subject to more elaborate requirements, than the decision on guilt or innocence and that, therefore, the Hogan rationale is not applicable.
To the contrary. We conclude that a rational and sensible interpretation of Hogan and the foregoing constitutional and statutory provisions calls for the result which we reach here. See Wakulla County v. Davis, 395 So. 2d 540, 543 (Fla.1981).
Milliken v. State, 398 So. 2d 508 (Fla. 5th DCA 1981), which reversed a failure to dismiss an information like that involved here, was decided prior to Hogan and is therefore no longer apposite.
Reversed and remanded for proceedings consistent herewith.
RYDER, C.J., and SANDERLIN, JAMES B., Associate Judge, concur.
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Cited By (11 total)
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Budd v. State, 477 So. 2d 52 (Fla. 2d DCA 1985)…therefore, affirm. Defendant contends that he should have been charged by indictment, rather than information, for the capital crime of sexual battery. As defendant concedes, this point has been decided contrary to his contention in State v. Wells, 466 So. 2d 291 (Fla. 2d DCA 1985). Defendant contends that there was error in the failure of the information to allege an essential element of the offense of which he was convicted, to wit, his age, and in its failure to allege the specific acts defendant was acc…
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Carter v. State, 483 So. 2d 740 (Fla. 5th DCA 1986)…lty may be imposed or that a twelve person jury would be required to try the case, we conclude, as have other district courts of appeal, that the defendant may be charged with this crime by information, rather than by indictment. See State v. Wells, 466 So. 2d 291 (Fla. 2d DCA 1985); Snowden v. Donner, 464 So. 2d 223 (Fla. 3d DCA), rev. dismissed, 469 So. 2d 750 (Fla.1985); Cooper v. State, 453 So. 2d 67 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984). Because Milliken v. State, 398 So. 2d 508 (Fla. 5th DCA 1981) was decided before Bufo…
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Tingley v. State, 495 So. 2d 1181 (Fla. 5th DCA 1986)…ation of the defendant, and admission on rebuttal of evidence of a prior unrelated sexual battery. .§ 794.011(2), Fla.Stat. (1983). However, recent case law has determined that prosecution for this offense need not be by indictment. State v. Wells, 466 So. 2d 291 (Fla. 2d DCA 1985). . Justice England, concurring op.; State v. Black, 385 So. 2d 1372, 1375 (Fla.1980); 15 Fla. Jur.2d Criminal Law § 654 (1979). . Russell v. State, 349 So. 2d 1224 (Fla. 2d DCA 1977). . Pickeron v. State, 94 Fla. 268, 113 So. 7…
Previewing 3 of 11 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Buford v. State, 403 So. 2d 943 (Fla. 1981)
- Wakulla Cnty. v. Davis, 395 So. 2d 540 (Fla. 1981)
- State v. Hogan, 451 So. 2d 844 (Fla. 1984)
- Milliken v. State, 398 So. 2d 508 (Fla. 5th DCA 1981)