JOSEPH HAYWARD, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 2d DCA | 1985-04-17
Nos. 84-748 to 84-750
CAMPBELL, A.C.J., and LEHAN, J., concur.
467 So. 2d 462 Florida District Court of Appeal, Second District (1985) Positive Treatment
Cited by 5 cases

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Holding

The court held that a defendant's affirmative election to be sentenced under the guidelines, even for crimes committed before the guidelines' effective date, is binding and does not require the same judicial scrutiny as a guilty plea.


Headnotes

[1] A defendant's affirmative election to be sentenced under the guidelines, made through counsel's response, binds the defendant.

[2] A violation of probation constitutes a clear and convincing reason for departure from the presumptive sentence to enhance a penalty.

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Facts & Procedural History

Appellant was sentenced under the guidelines for drug activity that occurred before the guidelines' effective date. He claimed he did not affirmativel…

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Opinion of the Court
FRANK, Judge.

FRANK, Judge.

The appellant urges six points in attacking the trial court’s revocation of probation and the imposition of sentences in excess of the guidelines’ recommended range. We reject four of the appellant’s issues on appeal, comment as follows upon the remaining two, and affirm the sentences.

The appellant engaged in illicit drug activity during the period of his probation and prior to October 1, 1983, the guidelines’ effective date. He now claims that he was sentenced under the guidelines without a sufficient showing that he affirmatively elected to be sentenced in that manner.

The record belies the assertion. At sentencing, the trial court asked the appellant if he wished to be sentenced under the guidelines and his counsel replied “yes.” The court announced that it would not follow the guidelines.

Thus, the appellant was adjudicated guilty of the offenses underlying his probationary status and sentenced to four consecutive five year terms. The appellant’s counsel’s response binds the appellant. Newsome v. State, 466 So. 2d 411 (Fla. 2d DCA 1985); Moore v. State, 455 So. 2d 535 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984). And, the violation of probation constitutes a “clear and convincing” reason for departure from the presumptive sentence in order to enhance the penalty. Randolph v. State, 458 So. 2d 64 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984).

We do not subscribe to the view urged by the appellant that the process associated with the affirmative selection of a guidelines sentence, occurring against the backdrop of a crime committed prior to October 1, 1983, requires record disclosure that the trial court determined the selection to have been knowingly and intelligently reached. We do not question that the abandonment of potential parole may affect a prisoner’s ultimate moment of freedom. But a defendant’s loss of parole stemming from the selection of a guidelines sentence and the trial court’s subsequent departure permitted under Rule 3.701(d)(ll), are matters to be considered and evaluated by the defendant and his or her counsel.

We find no basis upon which to convert the defense attorney’s task of counseling the criminally charged defendant into a judicial responsibility. The element of a strategic choice between sentencing options and the resultant consequences requires no greater degree of trial court scrutiny, apart from the exception referred to below, than would any other aspect of a criminal proceeding demanding the formation of tactical judgments which best serve a defendant’s interests.

Moreover, we have serious difficulty in attempting to place the affirmative selection of a guidelines sentence in the same cubicle with the entry of a plea of guilty or nolo contendere. The need for judicial certainty as a prelude to receiving either of those pleas derives not merely from the penalty facing a criminal defendant, but more significantly from the deprivation through abandonment of constitutionally essential procedural rights. It is for that reason that Rule 3.170(i) and (j) of the Florida Rules of Criminal Procedure requires our trial courts to be assured that guilty and nolo pleas are the product of informed and intelligent judgments. Boy-kin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 89 S.Ct. 1709, 23 L.Ed.2d 274 (1969).

We attach no comparable constitutional compulsion, however, to a trial court’s acceptance of a defendant’s affirmative selection of a guidelines sentence. Although departure from a presumptive sentence in the context of a crime committed prior to October 1, 1983 does disadvantage the defendant through loss of the parole privilege, that loss is not occasioned by an independent act of the state which alone exposes the defendant to an otherwise impermissible ex post facto law. Cf Weaver v. Graham, 450 U.S. 24, 101 S.Ct. 960, 67 L.Ed.2d 17 (1981); State v. Green, 421 So. 2d 508 (Fla. 1982).

Finally, the appellant has launched a broadside assault upon the guidelines claiming that Article X, Section 9 of the Florida Constitution is offended when applied to a defendant, such as the appellant, whose criminal behavior took place prior to October 1, 1983. Article X, Section 9 provides that:

Repeal or amendment of a criminal statute shall not affect prosecution or punishment for any crime previously committed.

The appellant attributes to Article X, Section 9 an absolute prohibition against legislative and judicial action having the effect of altering a pre-existing penalty notwithstanding, as in this case, the affirmative selection of a guidelines’ sentence. We disagree.

The defect in the appellant’s Article X, Section 9 contention originates in a misperception of the purpose of that provision. In contrast to the expanded view he accords Article X, Section 9, it is well settled that that aspect of the Constitution is confined to “... saving pending criminal prosecutions from the repeal of the underlying statute.” United States v. United States Coin and Currency, 401 U.S. 715, 738, 91 S.Ct. 1041, 1052, 28 L.Ed.2d 434 (1971) (White, J., dissenting); Raines v. State, 42 Fla. 141, 28 So. 57 (1900). Contrary to the appellant’s claim, Article X, Section 9 does not render section 921.001(4)(a), Florida Statutes (1983), and, hence, the sentencing guidelines, facially unconstitutional.

Affirmed.

CAMPBELL, A.C.J., and LEHAN, J., concur.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • Dilar S. Booker v. State, 482 So. 2d 414 (Fla. 2d DCA 1985)
    …per sentencing pursuant to the defendant’s prior selection. We have previously rejected defendant’s second contention that section 921.001(4)(a), Florida Statutes (1983), violates article X, section 9, of the Florida Constitution. Hayward v. State, 467 So. 2d 462 (Fla.2d DCA 1985). We also find no merit to defendant’s third argument that the court erred in refusing defense counsel’s request to consult with the defendant regarding the accuracy of the scoresheet. Defendant has never pointed to any specific er…
  • Burrell v. State, 483 So. 2d 479 (Fla. 2d DCA 1986)
    …e to their advantage to do so. We have previously held that "loss of the parole privilege ... is not occasioned by an independent act of the state which alone exposes the defendant to an otherwise impermissible ex post facto law.” Hayward v. State, 467 So. 2d 462, 464 (Fla. 2d DCA), petition for review denied, 476 So. 2d 674 (Fla.1985).…
  • Glover v. State, 474 So. 2d 886 (Fla. 1st DCA 1985)
    …tion of guideline sentencing is affirmatively made (i.e. the guidelines may not be applied to him by default; silence would be taken as not choosing guideline sentencing). As recently noted by the Second District Court of Appeal in Hayward v. State, 467 So. 2d 462, 464 (Fla. 2d DCA 1985): Although departure from a presumptive sentence in the context of a crime committed prior to October 1, 1983 does disadvantage the defendant through loss of the parole privilege, that loss is not occasioned by an independent…

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