HERMAN E. LASATER, SR. AND HORACE CLARKE LASATER, JR., ETC., APPELLANTS,
v.
GENE W. LEATHERS, ETC., APPELLEE

Fla. 5th DCA | 1985-09-26
No. 84-1489
COBB, C.J., and KIRKWOOD, L.R., Associate Judge, concur.
475 So. 2d 1329 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fifth District (1985) Caution
Cited by 8 cases

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Holding

A counterclaim against a decedent's estate is barred if a claim was not filed within the statutory time period, even if litigation was pending at the time of death.


Headnotes

[1] A cause of action against a decedent that accrues before death does not survive unless the claim is filed in the manner and within the time limited by statute, even if an…

[2] A counterclaim against a decedent's estate is barred if a claim is not filed with the estate within three months from the first publication of the notice of administratio…

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Facts & Procedural History

Defendants filed a counterclaim against the plaintiff. The plaintiff died, and after his estate was substituted as a party, the estate moved to dismis…

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Opinion of the Court
ORFINGER, Judge.

ORFINGER, Judge.

This is an appeal from a final order dismissing defendants’ counterclaim for failure to comply with the requirement of the non-claim statute, section 733.702(1), Florida Statutes (1981). We affirm.

On November 9, 1978, W.F. Lasater filed a complaint against Herman Lasater, Sr. and Horace Lasater, Jr. as co-administrators of the estate of Horace Lasater, Sr., deceased, to quiet title to certain real estate in Lake County and for partition. On May ,15, 1980 the defendants filed an amended counterclaim against W.F. Lasa-ter asking for damages, accounting, and a temporary and permanent injunction.

The plaintiff, W.F. Lasater died on March 30, 1981. The defendants were aware of his death because on April 13, 1981, their counsel filed a suggestion of plaintiff’s death and moved for an abatement of the cause until a substitution of parties was made. The defendants’ counsel then wrote to the plaintiff’s attorney asking to be advised when the estate was substituted as a party plaintiff. The plaintiff’s attorney responded that he did not know when substitution would occur because there was litigation over who the executor of the estate would be. The attorney’s letter did state that “In the interim there may be a curator appointed and I will let you know as soon as that happens.”

On June 6, 1984 the court granted the defendants’ motion for substitution of parties and substituted Gene Leathers, the personal representative of the estate of W.F. Lasater, as the plaintiff/counter-defendant in the action. On August 16, 1984 Leathers filed a motion to dismiss the amended counterclaim on the ground that the counter-plaintiffs had failed to file a claim in the estate within the three month period for filing claims following the first publication of the notice of administration on February 25, 1982. The court granted the motion on the basis of section 733.-702(2), Florida Statutes (1981) and dismissed the counterclaim with prejudice.

Section 733.702(1), Florida Statutes (1981) provides that no claim or demand against a decedent’s estate that arose before decedent’s death shall be binding on the estate unless presented within three months from the time of the first publication of the notice of administration. Section 733.702(2) then provides:

No cause of action heretofore or hereafter accruing, including, but not limited to, actions founded upon fraud or other wrongful act or omission, shall survive the death of the person against whom the claims may be made, whether an action is pending at the death of the person or not, unless the claim is filed in the manner provided in this part and within the time limited. [Emphasis added].

A factual situation similar to that here was presented to the court in Roberts v. Jassy, 436 So. 2d 394 (Fla.2d DCA 1983). In agreeing that the claim was barred notwithstanding the pendency of the litigation at the time of decedent’s death, because no claim had been filed as required by the non-claim statute, the court said:

By the very words of the statute appellant’s claim is rendered void and we have no choice but to affirm the order appealed. However, we feel compelled to comment on the inequitable and harsh result of this case.

Id. at 395. The court expressed its sympathy with the appellant and wondered why the legislature had chosen to place a burden upon creditors who were already litigating their claims prior to decedent's death, but felt compelled to reach that result in view of the clear language of the statute.

Other courts have reached the same result under similar facts. See Gates Learjet Corporation v. Moyer, 459 So. 2d 1082 (Fla. 4th DCA 1984); Pierce v. American Bank & Trust Company, 433 So. 2d 655 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983); Koschmeder v. Griffin, 386 So. 2d 625 (Fla. 4th DCA 1980).

We, too, wonder why the legislature imposed an additional burden upon a creditor who is already litigating his claim against a defendant (or, as in this case, a counter-defendant) when that defendant dies. As pointed out by the Jassy court, such a requirement is contrary to the recommendation of the Uniform Probate Code that no presentation of claim is required in regard to matters claimed in proceedings against the decedent which were pending at the time of his death. Nevertheless, the legislature has seen fit to impose the requirement, and we are bound to give it effect.

In Harbour House Properties, Inc. v. Estate of Stone, 443 So. 2d 136 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983) the court held that section 733.-702, Florida Statutes (1981) and its predecessors were not non-claim statutes but were only “guidelines for judicial procedure which may be relaxed in the sound discretion of the probate court for good cause shown.”1 The court then held that if the conduct of the personal representative had “lulled the creditor into a false sense of security concerning the need for the presentation of a claim” the doctrine of estoppel could be invoked against the estate. We need not reach that question here and consequently do not rule on the issue of whether estoppel does come into play, under proper circumstances, to excuse an untimely filing of a claim by a creditor. Suffice it to say that no such facts exist here. The only correspondence between the attorneys for the parties had to do with substitution, and there is nothing in that correspondence which would lead anyone to believe that the filing of a claim was unnecessary.

The order appealed from is

AFFIRMED.

COBB, C.J., and KIRKWOOD, L.R., Associate Judge, concur. . We find this conclusion questionable in view of the many early (and later) cases which refer to similar statutes as statutes of non-claim. See, e.g., In re Woods’ Estate, 133 Fla. 730, 183 So. 10 (1938), 117 A.L.R. 1202 (a distinction between general statutes of limitation and "non-claim statutes” under which claims against estates of deceased persons must be presented); In re Brown’s Estate, 117 So. 2d 478 (Fla.1960). On the other hand, it has been held that statutory time limitations for filing objections to claims already filed and for filing an appropriate action or suit upon such claim operate merely as rules of judicial procedure and not as statutes of non-claim. In re Estate of Sale, 227 So. 2d 199 (Fla.1969).


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • Am. & Foreign Ins. Co. v. Gertrude Dimson, 645 So. 2d 45 (Fla. 4th DCA 1994)
    …So .2d 1358 (Fla. 4th DCA 1983). Correspondence concerning the substitution of the estate in the New York litigation does not constitute estoppel on the part of the estate so as to excuse the failure to file a timely claim. See Lasater v. Leathers, 475 So. 2d 1329 (Fla. 5th DCA 1985). Even though plaintiffs New York attorney was apparently unaware of the time requirements of Florida’s probate law, at no time did any attorney representing the estate affirmatively mislead plaintiff. Consequently, we conclude t…
  • Scutieri v. Est. OF Phil Revitz, 510 So. 2d 1003 (Fla. 3d DCA 1987)
    …n objected-to claim against estate); In re Estate of Oxford, 372 So. 2d 1129, 1132 (Fla. 2d DCA 1979), cert, denied, 382 So. 2d 1200 (Fla.1980) (same); Bell v. Harris, 366 So. 2d 765, 766 (Fla. 1st DCA 1978) (same). In our view, Lasater v. Leathers, 475 So. 2d 1329 (Fla. 5th DCA 1985) and Roberts v. Jassy, 436 So. 2d 394 (Fla. 2d DCA 1983), do not compel a contrary result because in neither of those cases did the claimants seek leave to file, as here, an otherwise late statement of claim; indeed, the claimants…
  • Baillargeon v. Sewell, 33 So. 3d 130 (Fla. 2d DCA 2010)
    …nger authoritative on this question. See Spohr v. Berryman, 589 So. 2d 225, 228-29 (Fla.1991); Roberts v. Jassy, 436 So. 2d 394, 395-96 (Fla. 2d DCA 1983); Am. & Foreign Ins. Co. v. Dimson, 645 So. 2d 45, 47 (Fla. 4th DCA 1994); Lasater v. Leathers, 475 So. 2d 1329, 1330 (Fla. 5th DCA 1985). It follows that the filing of a claim on behalf of the unidentified members of the class was not made unnecessary by the pendency of the class action at the death of the Decedent and the prompt substitution of the Persona…

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