STATE OF FLORIDA, PETITIONER,
v.
RICHARD WAYNE SHEPERD, RESPONDENT

Fla. | 1985-11-25
No. 64369
BOYD, C.J., and OVERTON, MCDONALD and SHAW, JJ., concur., EHRLICH, J., concurs in result only.
479 So. 2d 106 Florida Supreme Court (1985) Caution
Cited by 48 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

The Florida Supreme Court held that a prosecutor's closing argument comment about the absence of a defense, rather than the defendant's failure to testify, does not violate the defendant's constitutional right not to testify. The court clarified the standard for evaluating prosecutorial comments on a defendant's silence, distinguishing between comments on the defense generally versus the defendant individually.


Holding

The prosecutor's comment was not improper because it referred to the absence of a defense generally, not to the defendant's individual failure to testify. The court held that prosecutorial comments referring to the defense generally, as opposed to the defendant individually, cannot be fairly susceptible of being interpreted as referring to the defendant's failure to testify. Prosecutors may comment on the uncontradicted or uncontroverted nature of evidence during closing argument.


Headnotes

[1] A prosecutor may comment on the uncontroverted nature of the evidence during closing argument.

[2] A prosecutorial comment referring to the defense generally, as opposed to the defendant individually, is not fairly susceptible of being interpreted by the jury as referr…

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Key Quotes

“The proper test for reviewing alleged comments on the defendant's failure to testify is whether the comments are fairly susceptible of being interpreted by the jury as comments on the failure to testify.”

Establishes the standard for evaluating prosecutorial comments on defendant's silence

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Facts & Procedural History

Richard Wayne Sheperd was convicted by jury of sexual battery, burglary, and attempted second-degree murder. During closing argument, the prosecutor s…

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Opinion of the Court
ADKINS, Justice.

ADKINS, Justice.

This cause is before the Court because the decision of the Third District Court of Appeal, Sheperd v. State, 436 So. 2d 232 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983), expressly and directly conflicts with prior decisions of this Court, White v. State, 377 So. 2d 1149 (Fla.1979), and Wilson v. State, 436 So. 2d 908 (Fla.1983). We have jurisdiction. Art. V, § 3(b)(3), Fla. Const. Pursuant to jury verdict, respondent was adjudged guilty of the crimes of sexual battery, burglary and attempted second-degree murder. In closing argument, the prosecutor made the following comment:

We’ve heard a lot of allegations with respect to a defense and I must confess to you, when I sat down to prepare my closing remarks, I had a lot of difficulty in trying to figure out exactly what the defense was going to be, because, frankly, for my purpose, I haven’t heard any.

Immediately following this comment, defense counsel moved for a mistrial alleging that the prosecutor improperly commented on the defendant’s right not to testify. The trial judge denied the request.

On appeal, the Third District Court of Appeal reversed and remanded for a new trial. The court ruled that the prosecutor’s comment was clearly susceptible of being interpreted by the jury as referring to the defendant’s failure to testify.

The state argues that the district court failed to apply the proper standard in concluding that the prosecutor’s comment referred to the defendant’s failure to testify at trial. However, we have recently reiterated our approval of the standard applied by the district court in this instance. The proper test for reviewing alleged comments on the defendant’s failure to testify is whether the comments are fairly susceptible of being interpreted by the jury as comments on the failure to testify. State v. Kinchen, No. 64,043 (Fla. Aug. 30, 1985). However, in this instance the prosecutor’s comment was not prejudicial under any applicable standard.

The state asserts that the prosecutorial comment in question was merely a comment upon the uncontradicted nature of the evidence and did not constitute prejudicial error. We agree. It is well settled that a prosecutor may comment on the uncontra-dicted or uncontroverted nature of the evidence during argument to the jury. White v. State, 377 So. 2d 1149, 1150 (Fla.1979).

In White, we affirmed an order denying a motion for mistrial despite the fact that in referring to the testimony of the eye witness in closing argument, the prosecutor remarked “You haven’t heard one word of testimony to contradict what she has said, other than the lawyer’s argument.” 377 So. 2d at 1150. In Wilson v. State, 436 So. 2d 908 (Fla.1983), we refused to overturn the convictions and sentences of appellant finding that a comment made by the prosecutor in final argument concerning the appellant’s failure to testify was clearly a personal reference to defense counsel himself and not appellant. 436 So. 2d at 910.

In order to clarify exactly when a comment is “fairly susceptible” of being interpreted by the jury as referring to the defendant’s failure to testify, we hold that a prosecutorial comment in reference to the defense generally as opposed to the defendant individually cannot be “fairly susceptible” of being interpreted by the jury as referring to the defendant’s failure to testify.

The comment in this case refers to the absence of a defense, not the defendant’s failure to testify.

Accordingly, the decision of the district court of appeal is quashed and the cause is remanded with directions to reinstate the judgment of the trial court.

It is so ordered.

BOYD, C.J., and OVERTON, MCDONALD and SHAW, JJ., concur. EHRLICH, J., concurs in result only.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By (24 total)

  • Rodriguez v. State, 753 So. 2d 29 (Fla. 2000)
    …e is any tension between the approved-of remarks in White and the disapproved-of remarks in Marshall, we hold that the reasoning of Justice McDonald in Marshall should be followed. We also caution that our attempted distinction in State v. Sheperd, 479 So. 2d 106, 107 (Fla.1985), between a comment concerning the defense generally as opposed to the defendant individually must likewise be narrowly interpreted, and should not be read as authorizing a comment on the defendant’s failure to testify. Subsequent to…
  • Johnston v. State, 497 So. 2d 863 (Fla. 1986)
    …comment made by the prosecutor was merely a comment on the evidence and was not fairly susceptible of being interpreted by the jury as a comment on the defendant’s right to remain silent. State v. Kinchen, 490 So. 2d 21 (Fla.1985); State v. Sheperd, 479 So. 2d 106 (Fla.1985). [*871] Finally, appellant alleges that the trial court’s order accepting the jury’s advisory sentence of death contains numerous errors and therefore must be overturned. We disagree. The sentence of death was imposed after a finding of t…
  • Dean v. State, 690 So. 2d 720 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997)
    …comments by the prosecutor on the uncontra-dicted or uncontroverted nature of the evidence during argument to the jury. See Barwick v. State, 660 So. 2d 685 (Fla.1995), cert. denied, — U.S.-, 116 S.Ct. 823, 133 L.Ed.2d 766 (1996); State v. Sheperd, 479 So. 2d 106 (Fla.1985); White v. State, 377 So. 2d 1149 (Fla.1979); Whitfield v. State, 479 So. 2d 208 (Fla. 4th DCA 1985). Rather, they directly and collectively impinged on defendant’s constitutional right to remain silent by impermissibly drawing attention t…

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