IN THE INTEREST OF J.H., R.H. & J.S., EACH A CHILD. DOROTHY HALL, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.
Dorothy Hall appeals the trial court's finding that her three minor children were dependent based on neglect and placement in foster care. The Florida First District Court of Appeal reversed, finding that the state failed to establish neglect by a preponderance of the evidence and committed multiple procedural and due process violations in the adjudicatory hearing.
The court reversed, holding that the state failed to establish dependency by a preponderance of the evidence and that the adjudicatory hearing was infected with multiple procedural and constitutional errors that violated due process. The trial court improperly relied on alleged violation of the voluntary agreement without introducing it into evidence, violated the best evidence rule, and the evidence of poor housing conditions was insufficient to establish neglect as defined by statute.
[1] A voluntary agreement with a state agency, if relied upon to establish neglect in a dependency proceeding, must be admitted into evidence and its terms must be clearly es…
[2] Testimony regarding the contents of a written agreement is inadmissible under the best evidence rule when the agreement itself is available and relevant to the proceeding…
Previewing 2 of 6 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“violation of a voluntary agreement does not in and of itself suffice to establish dependency”
The trial court's own statement that was contradicted by its order being based almost exclusively on alleged failure to comply with the agreement
Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceDorothy Hall, a 41-year-old mother of six children, entered into a voluntary agreement with HRS in March/April 1984 after a neglect referral. Hall tes…
The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.
Explore caselaw by topic → Browse Dependency Of Children cases and more on FLexlaw
SHIVERS, Judge.
This is an appeal from the trial court’s orders of adjudication and disposition, finding appellant’s three minor children to be dependent and placing the children in foster care under direction of Health and Rehabilitative Services (HRS). We reverse.
The appellant, Dorothy Hall, is a 41-year-old mother of six children, three of whom are in her custody and are the subject of this appeal. In March of 1984, HRS received a “neglect referral” on appellant and assigned one of its intake supervisors (Joyce Hagins) to investigate the matter. At some point during that month, appellant met with a different HRS counselor and entered into a “voluntary agreement” with HRS. According to Ms. Hagins, the agreement consisted of a list of the family’s problems as well as various solutions to those problems. Ms. Hagins further testified that, after the agreement was made, she made arrangements for two community services (Homemaker, which was already involved with the family, and Family Skills) to assist the family.
On July 27, 1984, after appellant had allegedly failed to fulfill the terms of the agreement, HRS filed three separate petitions for dependency, alleging that appellant had neglected the children pursuant to section 39.01(26), Florida Statutes (1983)
. As grounds for the alleged neglect, each of the petitions stated the following:
[T]he mother entered into a voluntary agreement with Health and Rehabilitative Services on April 16, 1984, due to neglect of said child. She has refused Homemaker Services and has been unavailable to meet with the assigned Protective Services and Foster Care counselors.
The living situation is unsafe and in extreme need of repairs. Mrs. Hall was offered a low income apartment in June, but turned it down. Further, on July 23, 1984, the home was observed to have falling plaster holes in the floor, broken windows, and clothing and other clutter about the residence. She insists she has attempted to locate more suitable housing, but states she has not had the money for the usually required deposit on the same.
Further, it was recommended that the family become involved with Family Skills and Mental Health counseling. Mrs. Hall has not been seen at Family Skills since February of this year. An adjudicatory hearing was conducted on October 16, 1984 at which HRS presented the testimony of Ms. Hagins, Ms. Serkin (a family therapist with Family Skills) and Ms. Bartley (a social worker with Homemaker). Appellant testified on her own behalf. On November 13, 1984 the trial court entered an order of adjudication finding the evidence sufficient to establish the children’s dependency by reason of appellant’s neglect. We agree with appellant that the evidence is not sufficient to establish neglect and we reverse the trial court’s order. First, while the trial court stated in its order of adjudication that “violation of a voluntary agreement does not in and of itself suffice to establish dependency” the order is nonetheless based almost exclusively on appellant’s alleged failure to take advantage of the services provided by HRS. Thus we can reach no other conclusion but that the court relied heavily on HRS’s alleged violations of the voluntary agreement. Yet, the agreement itself was never introduced into evidence at the hearing. There was no testimony presented which would reflect the terms of the agreement (or, for that matter, whether the agreement even contained specific terms), nor does the agreement appear in the record on appeal. Thus, there was apparently no basis for the trial court’s conclusion that the agreement was violated or that the appellant “refused to do her part.”
Second, aside from making appellate review difficult, HRS’s failure to introduce the agreement into evidence also constituted a violation of the best evidence rule. Section 90.952, Florida Statutes (1983). The issue at the dependency hearing directly involved the terms of the agreement, and it is obvious from the record that the agreement was available for production at the hearing. Williams v. State, 386 So. 2d 538 (Fla.1980). Thus, Ms. Hagins should not have been allowed to testify as to the contents of the agreement absent the introduction of the agreement itself into evidence.
Next, section 415.505(l)(e), Florida Statutes (1983) states: (e) If the department determines that a child requires immediate or long-term protection through:
* * * * *
3. Foster care, shelter care, or other substitute care to remove the child from his parents’ custody, such services shall first be offered for the voluntary acceptance of the parents or other person responsible for the child’s welfare, who shall be informed of the right to refuse services as well as the department’s responsibility to protect the child regardless of the acceptance or refusal of services.
(emphasis supplied).
Appellant Hall testified at the hearing that she was reluctant to sign the agreement because several portions of it had been left blank. According to Hall, “I didn’t think it was right for me to sign a plain piece of paper. How was I supposed to understand that?” She stated she eventually signed the agreement “because they said if I didn’t sign it they was going to tell the judge.” Moreover, the HRS counselor who actually met with appellant when she signed the agreement was not present at the hearing to testify. Thus, the undisputed evidence indicates that the agreement was not entered into voluntarily.
In addition to the above procedural errors, the transcript at the hearing indicates that appellant’s counsel was not furnished a copy of the agreement prior to the hearing. In fact, the record indicates that a copy of the agreement was not furnished to appellant’s counsel until he objected to Hagins’ testimony regarding its contents.
Finally, the trial court’s finding that appellant’s house was “unsafe” was neither supported by the evidence nor sufficient to establish neglect. Although there was ample evidence that Hall’s rented home was in need of the repairs, there was no evidence that the home was “unsafe” or that it in any manner constituted “neglect” as that term is defined in section 39.01(26), Florida Statutes (1983).
In light of the above errors, we find that appellee failed to establish the minor children’s dependency by a preponderance of the evidence as required by section 39.-408(1), Florida Statutes (1983) and that the errors committed during the adjudicatory hearing constituted a denial of due process. See A.Z. v. State, 383 So. 2d 934 (Fla. 5th DCA 1980) and In the Interest of S.J.T. and T.N.T., 475 So. 2d 951 (Fla. 1st DCA 1985).
The order of adjudication dated November 13, 1984 and the subsequent disposition order are REVERSED.
MILLS and ZEHMER, JJ., concur. . Section 39.01(26) defines neglect as follows: “Neglect" occurs when a parent or other legal custodian, though financially able, deprives a child of, or allows a child to be deprived of, necessary food, clothing, shelter, or medical treatment or permits a child to live in an environment when such deprivation or environment causes the child's physical, mental, or emotional health to be significantly impaired or to be in danger of being significantly impaired.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Cited By
-
Fredrick v. State, 523 So. 2d 1164 (Fla. 5th DCA 1988)…. 4th DCA 1980). Fredrick complains that the court erred in admitting into evidence the performance agreement which her attorney contends was signed by her under force of threat. This contention is simply not supported by the record. J.H. v. State, 480 So. 2d 680 (Fla. 1st DCA 1985). We find the evidence to be overwhelming that K.F. should be placed for involuntary permanent commitment. In Interest of Smith, 299 So. 2d 127 (Fla. 3d DCA 1974). We recognize that the trial judge should not have considered cert…
-
Castellanos v. Dep't OF Health & Rehabilitative Servs., 545 So. 2d 455 (Fla. 3d DCA 1989)…ef is in the last sentence of her argument on this point wherein it is asserted that "[t]his resulted in an unfair hearing and a denial of due process. See, e.g., In the Interest of J.H., R.H., & J.S., each a child. Dorothy Hall v. State of Florida, 480 So. 2d 680 (Fla. 1st DCA 1985).” Appellant's brief at 11. The cited case does not involve a claimed denial of constitutionally guaranteed cross-examination rights, and the boiler plate "unfair hearing” “due process” assertion is obviously insufficient to prese…
-
Rattigan v. Cent. Mortg. Co., 199 So. 3d 966 (Fla. 4th DCA 2016)…ions to the rule are applicable in this case. When the terms of an agreement are necessary for resolution of an issue brought before a court, the failure to introduce the agreement itself into evidence violates the best evidence rule. J.H. v. State, 480 So. 2d 680, 682 (Fla. 1st DCA 1985). Without the agreement itself in evidence, testimony regarding the contents of the agreement is not permitted. Id. Here, the original note which was introduced into evidence capped the principal amount that could be owed at…
Previewing 3 of 6 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Williams v. State, 386 So. 2d 538 (Fla. 1980)
- In the Interest of S.J.T. and T.N.T., 475 So. 2d 951 (Fla. 1st DCA 1985)
- In re The Interest of A. Z. v. State, 383 So. 2d 934 (Fla. 5th DCA 1980)