PAULINE BARNETT, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, HARDEE COUNTY, APPELLEE

Fla. 2d DCA | 1986-01-31
No. 85-1094
LEHAN and FRANK, JJ., concur.
483 So. 2d 63 Florida District Court of Appeal, Second District (1986) Caution
Cited by 2 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Pauline Barnett challenges a forfeiture order of $16,250 that she claimed she loaned to her sons to purchase a tractor-trailer. The court reversed the forfeiture, holding that the trial court erred by not allowing the state to present witness testimony before ordering forfeiture, despite Barnett meeting her burden of proving she did not know the money would be used for criminal activity.


Holding

The court held that the trial court erred in forfeiting the money without hearing the state's witness testimony. Once the state establishes probable cause that money was illicitly used, the burden shifts to the owner to prove by preponderance of the evidence that she neither knew nor should have known the money would be used in criminal activity. Barnett met this burden, but the state should have been permitted to present evidence before the court ruled on forfeiture.


Headnotes

[1] A prima facie case for forfeiture is established when the government demonstrates probable cause that the property was used in the commission of a crime.

[2] Once the state establishes probable cause for forfeiture, the burden shifts to the claimant to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that they neither knew nor should…

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Key Quotes

“At that point the burden shifted to Pauline Barnett to show by a preponderance of the evidence that she neither knew nor should have known after reasonable inquiry that her money was being used, or was likely to be used, in a criminal activity.”

Establishes the burden-shifting framework in forfeiture cases: once the state shows probable cause, the property owner must prove lack of knowledge of criminal use.

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Facts & Procedural History

Pauline Barnett obtained $16,250 through a bank loan and life insurance policy loans and entrusted the money to her sons, James and Gary, for the sole…

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Opinion of the Court
SCHEB, Acting Chief Judge.

SCHEB, Acting Chief Judge.

Appellant Pauline Barnett seeks reversal of an order forfeiting $16,250 to the Har-dee County Sheriff’s Department.

The state filed a petition for forfeiture of the money under sections 932.701-.704, Florida Statutes (1983). The state contended that the money had been used in the commission of a crime in violation of Chapter 893, Florida Statutes (1983).

At the forfeiture hearing, Pauline Barnett and her son, James Barnett, testified that the money belonged to Pauline Barnett. She obtained it through a bank loan and several other loans on life insurance policies. She had entrusted the money to her sons, James and Gary, for the sole purpose of purchasing a tractor-trailer to be used in hauling coal in Kentucky.

Pauline Barnett also testified that her sons were supposed to go to Florida with the money to purchase the tractor-trailer. Before their departure, she discussed with them the trip’s purpose. These discussions gave her no reason to believe the money would be used for any other purpose. Moreover, her sons did not have her permission to use the money for any other purpose. James testified that his brother and he carried the $16,250 in a briefcase with firearms separate from other money which they took with them.

Barnett’s attorney stipulated that the state had presented a prima facie case that the government’s taking of the money was based on probable cause that a crime had occurred. After the testimony of Pauline and James Barnett, the state said it had witnesses who could testify concerning conversations between persons in Hardee County and Gary Barnett in Kentucky. The state indicated these conversations revealed what was to be purchased, the purchase price, and the circumstances surrounding exactly what happened. The state asserted that Pauline Barnett gave her sons the exact amount of money necessary to commit the crime. The state would not stipulate that Pauline Barnett owned the money. The trial court ordered a forfeiture of the money without hearing testimony from the state’s witnesses.

Since Barnett’s attorney stipulated that the government had probable cause to believe a crime had occurred, the state met its initial burden of showing probable cause that the money was illicitly used within the meaning of the forfeiture statute. See In re Forfeiture of Approximately Forty-Eight Thousand Nine Hundred Dollars ($48,900) in U.S. Currency, 432 So. 2d 1382 (Fla. 4th DCA 1983). At that point the burden shifted to Pauline Barnett to show by a preponderance of the evidence that she neither knew nor should have known after reasonable inquiry that her money was being used, or was likely to be used, in a criminal activity. § 932.-703(2), Fla.Stat. (1983); Wheeler v. State, 472 So. 2d 847 (Fla. 1st DCA 1985); In re Forfeiture of Blue 1979 2-Door Toyota, 441 So. 2d 697 (Fla. 4th DCA 1983). As noted, Pauline Barnett testified that she gave her sons the money for purchasing the tractor-trailer and had no reason to believe it would be used for any other purpose. The trial court forfeited the money without hearing any testimony from the state’s witnesses. Thus, we think the trial court erred in forfeiting the money based on Pauline and James Barnett’s testimony alone.

Under the circumstances, we think the state should have been allowed to present the testimony of its witnesses to the court before the court made its ruling. In view of our holding, we need not address Pauline Barnett's other contention.

Accordingly, we reverse and remand for further forfeiture proceedings in which the state should be given an opportunity to present witnesses in support of forfeiture. Of course, if the state cannot provide evidence sufficient to justify forfeiture, the money must be returned to appellant.

LEHAN and FRANK, JJ., concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Woodson v. City OF Tallahassee, 553 So. 2d 307 (Fla. 1st DCA 1989)
    …ctual finding that the money found in David Jr.’s possession was the product of cocaine transactions and was not identifiable as the original $5,500 in cash given to his son by the appellant. Appellant’s reliance on Barnett v. State, Hardee County, 483 So. 2d 63 (Fla. 2d DCA 1986), is misplaced. In that case, the trial court ordered forfeiture of money without requiring the state to go forward with evidence to rebut the testimony of the appellant, who claimed ownership and absence of knowledge of or partici…

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