BENNIE LEE WILLINGHAM, APPELLANT,
v.
TRAVELERS INSURANCE COMPANY, A FOREIGN CORPORATION, APPELLEE
AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.
Willingham sought Personal Injury Protection (PIP) benefits from his employer's Travelers Insurance policy for an out-of-state vehicle accident, but was denied because the policy limited out-of-state coverage to the named insured (the corporation) or its relatives. The court reversed the judgment and remanded, holding that the policy's ambiguity required consideration of whether the employee was required to maintain separate PIP coverage and whether insurers may lawfully limit PIP coverage to in-state accidents under Florida law.
The court held that the policy contains an ambiguity that must be resolved in favor of coverage and that the trial court must consider: (1) whether the employee was required to maintain separate PIP coverage, and (2) whether an insurer may lawfully limit PIP coverage issued with a business owner's policy to in-state accidents under Florida law.
[1] An insurance policy's Personal Injury Protection (PIP) coverage for accidents occurring outside the state may be limited to the named insured or a relative of the named i…
[2] A corporation named as the "named insured" under a PIP policy does not automatically extend coverage to its employees operating company vehicles outside the state.
Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“It is not unreasonable that the parties would declare the corporation the named insured without necessarily meaning to include the employees.”
Establishes the principle that naming a corporation as the named insured does not necessarily exclude employee coverage.
Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceWillingham sustained injuries while operating his employer's (Suave Shoe Corporation's) vehicle outside of Florida. The employer's Travelers Insurance…
The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.
Explore caselaw by topic → Browse Construction Against The Insurer cases and more on FLexlaw
FERGUSON, Judge.
Plaintiff made a claim for benefits against his employer’s policy, issued by Travelers Insurance Company, for injuries sustained while operating the employer’s vehicle outside the state of Florida. The policy provides Personal Injury Protection (PIP) for any person occupying the insured motor vehicle while in the state of Florida, but limits coverage to the named insured, Suave Shoe Corporation, or a relative of the named insured, as to claims arising from accidents occurring outside the state. Judgment was entered for defendant/insurer on a finding that plaintiff was not covered for the out-of-state accident.
In this appeal, plaintiff claims that there is an ambiguity in the policy which should be construed in favor of coverage. He contends specifically that it makes no sense to hold that the “corporate” entity is the “named insured” entitled to receive PIP benefits when the corporate vehicle is operated outside the state, reasoning that a corporation cannot be physically injured or incur medical expenses or lost wages. Vehicles are not operated by the corporate entity, argues plaintiff, but by its employees, agents or officers.
In Travelers Insurance Co. v. Bartoszewicz, 404 So. 2d 1053, 1055 (Fla.1981), relied upon by defendant, the supreme court construed a similar policy adversely to the employee:
It is not unreasonable that the parties would declare the corporation the named insured without necessarily meaning to include the employees.
But in additional language, which we think critical to a rational conclusion, the court went on to note that anyone who is injured when struck by or while occupying a company car and who is not required to have his own PIP coverage will be insured. If naming the corporation as beneficiary under PIP provisions of the policy does not necessarily mean that the employees are covered, then, in properly interpreting the contract, the court is obligated to consider the entirety of the contract, e.g., whether the employees are required to maintain separate coverage. See Bartoszewicz. Thus, a further inquiry which must be made in this case is whether the plaintiff was required to maintain his own PIP coverage.
Assuming that an employee is not required to maintain separate PIP coverage, and would otherwise be covered, another issue arises which was not present in Bartoszewicz, i.e., whether an insurer who issues PIP coverage along with a comprehensive business owner’s policy in accordance with Florida law may limit the PIP coverage to in-state accidents. This is a question which the trial court may be called upon to resolve.
Reversed and remanded for further proceedings.
BARKDULL, J., concurs.
NESBITT, Judge
(specially concurring):
I would construe the policy so that the “named insured” (Suave Shoe Corporation) would include, for the limited purpose of determining PIP coverage in an out-of-state accident, an employee operating the corporation’s automobile within the course and scope of his employment.1
The general rule is that ambiguities or equivocalities in an insurance contract are strictly construed against the insurer and liberally construed in favor of finding coverage for the insured. Travelers Insurance Co. v. Bartoszewicz, 404 So. 2d 1053 (Fla.1981); Stuyvesant Insurance Co. v. Butler, 314 So. 2d 567 (Fla.1975); 30 Fla. Jur.2d Insurance § 406 (1981). I would find that since the policy in the present case purports to provide PIP coverage for out-of-state accidents only for the corporate entity as the named insured,2 and since a corporate entity is incapable of sustaining personal injury, an ambiguity exists, and naming the corporate entity as the named insured must include, for the limited purpose of determining PIP coverage for out-of-state accidents, employees of the corporation operating the insured automobile within the course and scope of their employment.
I find the supreme court’s decision in Bartoszewicz to be distinguishable on this point. In Bartoszewicz, the supreme court held that the PIP policy provisions involved in that case, which named the corporate entity as the named insured, did not include employees of the corporation as named insureds. The court’s reasoning for its holding was:
It is not unreasonable that the parties would declare the corporation the named insured without necessarily meaning to include the employees. It is obvious that benefits are conferred by naming the corporation alone, because anyone (including an employee) who is injured while occupying a corporation car or who is struck by a corporation car and who is not required to have his own PIP coverage will be insured, [emphasis added]
404 So. 2d at 1055. This reasoning does not apply in the present case. Contrary to the situation in Bartoszewicz, it is obvious in the present case that no benefits are conferred by naming the corporation alone as the named insured for purposes of PIP coverage in out-of-state accidents. Since the policy only provides PIP coverage in out-of-state accidents for the named insured,4 and the named insured is a corporate entity which is incapable of sustaining personal injuries, the policy, literally read, provides no PIP coverage for out-of-state accidents. The only means of breathing life into the policy provisions providing for PIP coverage in out-of-state accidents is to find that the employees of the corporation, operating the insured automobile within the course and scope of their employment, are named insureds for the limited purpose of this coverage. This is the only reasonable construction of the contract.5
Accordingly, I would reverse with directions to enter judgment for the plaintiff.
. The plaintiff, an employee of Suave Shoe Corporation, sustained personal injuries in an automobile accident in Rhode Island. At the time of the accident, the plaintiff was operating a corporation car, insured by Travelers, within the course and scope of his employment. The named insured in the policy is Suave Shoe Corp. .The policy provides:
The insurance under this Section [PIP endorsement] applies only to the accidents which occur during the policy period
(a) in the State of Florida; and
(b) as respects the named insured or a relative, while occupying the insured motor vehicle outside the State of Florida but within the United States of America, its territories or possessions or Canada....
See § 627.736(4)(d) 2., Fla.Stat. (1979) ("The insurer of the owner of a motor vehicle shall pay personal injury protection benefits for ... [accidental bodily injury sustained outside this state, but within the United States of America or its territories or possessions or Canada by the owner while occupying the owner’s motor vehicle.") See also § 627.736(4)(d)3.; Pearcy v. Travelers Indemnity Co., 429 So. 2d 1298 (Fla. 3d DCA), review denied, 438 So. 2d 833 (Fla.1983).
. It is arguable that the court's use of the phrase, "without necessarily meaning," implies that the parties could have meant to include employees when declaring the corporation the named insured. It appears, therefore, that this "ambiguity” should have been "read against the insurer.” Bartoszewicz, 404 So. 2d at 1054. Nevertheless, this court would be bound to follow the holding in Bartoszewicz under the dictates of Hoffman v. Jones, 280 So. 2d 431 (Fla.1973), if the holding were applicable here.
. See supra note 2.
. This holding would moot any issue as to whether the plaintiff was required to maintain his own PIP coverage. See Bartoszewicz.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Cited By
-
United States Fire Ins. Co. v. Fleekop, 682 So. 2d 620 (Fla. 3d DCA 1996)…, we agree with the McCuen court that the phrase “claim” must be read in the context of the entire policy to include notice of occurrences or potential claims given during the discovery period. Id. at 1406. See also Willingham v. Travelers Ins. Co., 483 So. 2d 778 (Fla. 3d DCA 1986) (stating policy’s provision must be interpreted in the context of the entire agreement). We are further guided in our holding by Gulf Insurance Co. v. Dolan, Fertig and Curtis, 433 So. 2d 512 (Fla.1983) wherein our supreme court…
-
Liberty Mut. Ins. Co. v. Weiss, 790 So. 2d 475 (Fla. 3d DCA 2001)…der policy issued to his employer; salesman was not “occupying” the demonstrator vehicle that employer had assigned to him at time of accident); Pearcy v. Travelers Indem. Co., 429 So. 2d 1298 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983). In Willingham v. Travelers Ins. Co., 483 So. 2d 778, 779 (Fla. 3d DCA 1986), this court set out the reasoning and logic of such a holding. Willingham explained that it is not unreasonable that parties would declare a corporation the named insured without necessarily meaning to include employees. Whil…
-
MacTown, Inc. v. Cont'l Ins. Co., 716 So. 2d 289 (Fla. 3d DCA 1998)…he language of this provision. In construing exclusions in an insurance contract, the entire contract must be construed as a whole, see Franklin Life Ins. Co. v. Tharpe, 130 Fla. 546, 178 So. 300, 302 [*292] (1938); Willingham v. Travelers Ins. Co., 483 So. 2d 778, 779 (Fla. 3d DCA 1986), from the perspective of an ordinary person, Lindheimer v. St. Paul Fire and Marine Ins. Co., 643 So. 2d 636, 638 (Fla. 3d DCA 1994). Exclusion 4 covers a number of intentional torts. It does not specifically exclude neglige…
Authorities Cited
- Hoffman v. Jones, 280 So. 2d 431 (Fla. 1973)
- Stuyvesant Ins. Co. v. Alphonso Butler, 314 So. 2d 567 (Fla. 1975)
- Travelers Ins. Co. v. Bartoszewicz, 404 So. 2d 1053 (Fla. 1981)
- Morgan Pearcy & Panco Elec. Contractors, Inc. v. Travelers Indem. Co., 429 So. 2d 1298 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983)