EDWARD ALVIN RICHARDSON, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Edward Richardson was convicted by jury of trafficking in cocaine, delivery of cocaine, and possession of marijuana. The appellate court affirmed the trafficking and delivery convictions, but reversed the marijuana possession conviction due to insufficient evidence, and remanded for correction of an illegal mandatory minimum sentence.
The court held: (1) the officer's testimony did not constitute improper comment on Richardson's right to remain silent and the trial court properly denied the mistrial motion; (2) the state failed to present independent proof of possession, so the trial court erred in denying the motion for judgment of acquittal on the marijuana charge; (3) the trial court did not err in declining to give the requested proximity instruction; and (4) the three-year mandatory minimum sentence under the delivery count was improper and must be struck.
[1] A comment on a defendant's failure to testify is error and strongly discouraged, but may be evaluated under the harmless error rule.
[2] The state bears the burden of proving beyond a reasonable doubt that a comment on a defendant's right to remain silent was harmless.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“The State may not rely upon evidence presented during Wagner's subsequent defense to supply essential missing links in the State's prima facie case to support the denial of the motion for judgment of acquittal.”
Establishes the rule that prosecution cannot use defendant's case-in-chief evidence to complete an insufficient prima facie case, requiring reversal of the marijuana conviction.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceA jury found Richardson guilty of trafficking in cocaine, delivery of cocaine, and possession of marijuana. The state presented evidence during its ca…
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DELL, Judge.
A jury found appellant guilty of trafficking in cocaine, delivery of cocaine and possession of marijuana. He raises four points on appeal.
Appellant claims the trial court should have granted a mistrial because a police officer improperly commented during his testimony on appellant’s right to remain silent. We have reviewed the police officer’s testimony and conclude that the trial court did not err when it denied appellant’s motion for a mistrial. The officer’s testimony was equivocal at worst, and when taken in context we conclude that it was not fairly susceptible of interpretation by the jury as a comment on the defendant’s right to remain silent. We also conclude that the state has demonstrated that the comment was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. The Supreme Court of Florida in State v. Marshall, 476 So. 2d 150 (Fla.1985) held that the harmless error rule may be applied to comments on a defendant’s right to remain silent:
We now adopt the harmless error rule. Any comment on, or which is fairly susceptible of being interpreted as referring to, a defendant’s failure to testify is error and is strongly discouraged. Such a comment, however, should be evaluated according to the harmless error rule, with the state having the burden of showing the comment to have been harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. Only if the state fails to carry this burden should an appellate court reverse an otherwise valid conviction.
Id. at 153.
Appellant next argues that the trial court should have granted his motion for judgment of acquittal of the charge of possession of marijuana. He contends that the state had no direct evidence linking him to the drug until he admitted during the presentation of his defense that he owned the bags of marijuana. He relies on Wagner v. State, 421 So. 2d 826 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982). In Wagner the court stated:
The State may not rely upon evidence presented during Wagner’s subsequent defense to supply essential missing links in the State’s prima facie case to support the denial of the motion for judgment of acquittal. Therefore, we will not consider the evidence presented in the appellant’s defense.
Id. at 827.
We conclude from our review of the record that the state did not present any independent proof that appellant had either actual or constructive possession of the marijuana for which he was charged. In the absence of such evidence, the trial court erred by refusing to grant the motion for judgment of acquittal which appellant made at the close of the state’s case. Wagner v. State, supra. See also, Greene v. State, 375 So. 2d 55 (Fla. 4th DCA 1979). We find no merit in the state’s contention that appellant failed to preserve the foregoing argument for "appellate review.
Appellant also contends that the trial court erred when it denied his requested instruction that mere proximity to contraband without more is legally insufficient to prove possession. We find no error since the standard instructions given by the trial court adequately informed the jury of the applicable law. . Driver v. State, 46 So. 2d 718 (Fla.1950).
The state agrees that the trial court erred when it imposed a three-year mandatory minimum sentence under Count II, delivery of cocaine.
Therefore we affirm appellant’s conviction of trafficking in cocaine and delivery of cocaine, and the sentences imposed thereon, with the exception that we remand this cause to the trial court to strike the mandatory minimum sentence imposed under Count II, delivery of cocaine. We reverse appellant’s conviction and sentence for possession of marijuana.
AFFIRMED IN PART; REVERSED IN PART and REMANDED.
HERSEY, C.J., and ANSTEAD, J., concur.
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State v. Pennington, 534 So. 2d 393 (Fla. 1988)…th respondent connecting the respondent to the drug deal. The codefend-ant’s testimony sufficiently established the necessary elements of the offense. The jury convicted the respondent as charged. The district court, relying on Richardson v. State, 488 So. 2d 661 (Fla. 4th DCA 1986), and Wagner v. State, 421 So. 2d 826 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982), concluded that the state could not rely upon this evidence to supply the missing link necessary to establish the state’s prima facie case. In its opinion, the court conclu…
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Epta Brooks and Daphne Mollisom v. State, 501 So. 2d 176 (Fla. 4th DCA 1987)…g court may consider in considering the propriety of a trial court’s denial of a motion for judgment of acquittal made at the end of the state’s case and subsequently renewed, is that presented by the state in its case in chief. Richardson v. State, 488 So. 2d 661 (Fla. 4th DCA 1986). From that evidence as set out above, it is clear neither Daphne or Epta had actual possession because “actual possession exists where the accused has physical possession of the controlled substance and knowledge of such physical…
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Pennington v. State, 526 So. 2d 87 (Fla. 4th DCA 1987)…nks in the State’s prima facie case to support the denial of the motion for judgment of acquittal. Therefore, we will not consider the evidence presented in the appellant’s defense. Id. at 827. We cited Wagner with approval in Richardson v. State, 488 So. 2d 661 (Fla. 4th DCA 1986), and held: We conclude from our review of the record that the state did not present any independent proof that appellant had either actual or constructive possession of the marijuana for which he was charged. In the absence of s…
Previewing 3 of 6 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- State v. Marshall, 476 So. 2d 150 (Fla. 1985)
- Driver v. State, 46 So. 2d 718 (Fla. 1950)
- Wagner v. State, 421 So. 2d 826 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982)
- Greene v. State, 375 So. 2d 55 (Fla. 4th DCA 1979)