H. RICHARD BATES, PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE OF THE ESTATE OF DR. PHILIP O. LITTLEFORD, DECEASED, PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT, CROSS-APPELLEE,
v.
COOK, INC., DEFENDANT-APPELLEE, CROSS-APPELLANT

11th Cir. | 1988-03-25
No. 85-3038
Before KRAVITCH, Circuit Judge, and GODBOLD and SIMPSON , Senior Circuit Judges.
840 F.2d 871 Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (1988) Positive Treatment
Cited by 12 cases

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Holding

The Florida Supreme Court held that the significant relationships test should be used to determine in which state a cause of action arose for the purpose of applying Florida's borrowing statute.


Facts & Procedural History

This court certified a question to the Florida Supreme Court regarding the application of Florida's borrowing statute to a theft of trade secrets caus…

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Opinion of the Court
GODBOLD, Senior Circuit Judge:

GODBOLD, Senior Circuit Judge:

This court certified to the Florida Supreme Court the following question:
For the purpose of applying Florida’s limitation of actions “borrowing” statute, Fla.Stat.Ann. § 95.10 (West 1982), is the determination whether a cause of action for theft of trade secrets has arisen in a state other than Florida to be made solely with reference to the state in which the “last act necessary to establish liability” occurred, Colhoun v. Greyhound Lines, Inc., 265 So. 2d 18, 21 (Fla.1972), or with reference to the “significant relationships” that the respective states have to the cause of action, Bishop v. Florida Specialty Paint Co., 389 So. 2d 999, 1000-01 (Fla.1980)? Cf. Pledger v. Burnup & Sims, Inc., 432 So. 2d 1323 (Fla.App. 4 Dist.1983), review denied 446 So. 2d 99 (Fla.1984); Meehan v. Celotex Corp., 466 So. 2d 1100 (Fla.App. 3 Dist. 1985); Steiner v. Mt. Vernon Fire Ins. Co., 470 So. 2d 3 (Fla.App. 2 Dist.1985) (per curiam).

The Supreme Court of Florida accepted the question exactly as phrased and responded as follows:

We are now convinced that just as in the case of other issues of substantive law, the significant relationships test should be used to decide conflicts of law questions concerning the statute of limitations. Our ruling does not do violence to Florida’s borrowing statute. We simply hold that the significant relationships test should be employed to decide in which state the cause of action “arose.” The borrowing statute will only come into play if it is determined that the cause of action arose in another state.

Bates v. Cook, Inc., 509 So. 2d 1112, 1114 (Fla.1987).

This case is REMANDED to the district court for reconsideration under correct standards. Bates, 791 F. 2d 1525, 1526 n. 1.


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  • United States v. Mitcheltree, 940 F.2d 1329 (10th Cir. 1991)
    …ence for a jury to find that Raymer and his coconspirators, including defendant, introduced misbranded drugs into interstate commerce with the requisite intent to mislead and defraud those who would purchase on resale. See United States v. Bradshaw, 840 F. 2d 871, 874 n. 4 (11th Cir.1988). That defendants and some of their customers may have known the true nature of MDMA does not matter; intent may be inferred from their almost certain knowledge that the misbranded MDMA would pass to unknown third parties.…
  • United States v. Munoz, 430 F.3d 1357 (11th Cir. 2005)
    …Appellants’ argument to the contrary is rejected. With respect to Appellants’ criminal intent, the government was required to prove that Appellants acted with “an intent to defraud or mislead.” 21 U.S.C. § 333(a)(2); see United States v. Bradshaw, 840 F. 2d 871, 872 (11th Cir.1988) (felony violation of 21 U.S.C. § 331 requires specific intent to defraud or mislead); United States v. Simmons, 725 F. 2d 641, 642-43 (11th Cir.1984) (conviction for conspiracy requires proof of at least the degree of criminal i…
  • United States v. Kimball, 291 F.3d 726 (11th Cir. 2002)
    …involved fraud. In the past, we have concluded that convictions under 21 U.S.C. § 333’s provisions dealing with “intent to defraud or mislead” can be sustained where the fraud was committed against government agencies. See United States v. Bradshaw, 840 F. 2d 871, 874-75 (11th Cir.1988). Defendant offers no good reason, and we can think of none, why our conclusion should be different for sentencing purposes. All other circuits that have considered this issue have come to the same conclusion: it is proper t…

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