MARION MOSELY, JOSE FERNANDEZ, R. LONNIE PADGETT, MIKE GARFFER, BROWN BADGETT, AND BADGETT RESOURCES, INC., A FLORIDA CORPORATION, APPELLANTS,
v.
JORGE DE MOYA, AS PRESIDENT OF BADGETT RESOURCES, INC., A FLORIDA CORPORATION, AND AS A DIRECTOR THEREOF, APPELLEE

Fla. 3d DCA | 1986-11-04
Nos. 85-936, 85-981, 85-1015, 85-1131 and 85-2600
Before SCHWARTZ, C.J., and BASKIN and JORGENSON, JJ.
497 So. 2d 696 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (1986) Negative Treatment
Cited by 16 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

In this corporate control dispute, the Florida appellate court affirmed the trial court's finding that Badgett Resources' board consisted of eight directors at the time of a stock purchase agreement, but reversed the trial court's order granting de Moya permanent status as president and reversing an award of attorney's fees and indemnification, holding that corporate officers serve at the pleasure of the board and cannot be permanently enjoined from removal.


Holding

The court affirmed the finding that an eight-man board held office at the time of the agreement but reversed the permanent injunction against de Moya's removal as president, holding that officers serve at the pleasure of the board and can be removed whenever the board deems it in the corporation's best interests. The court also reversed the award of attorney's fees and indemnification, finding neither a contractual basis nor statutory authority for such an award under Florida law.


Headnotes

[1] A trial court may affirm a finding that a specific number of directors were in office at the time of a corporate agreement if there is evidence to support that conclusion…

[2] A corporation's board of directors may remove an officer if they believe it serves the best interests of the corporation, without the same procedural restrictions as dire…

Previewing 2 of 6 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Key Quotes

“If an officer is elected by the board of directors, he can be removed whenever the board believes "in its judgment, the best interests of the corporation will be served thereby." § 607.154(1), Fla.Stat. (1983).”

Establishes that officers serve at the pleasure of the board and can be removed at any time, distinguishing them from directors who require a specially called meeting for removal.

Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Facts & Procedural History

The Badgett group and Jorge de Moya disputed control of closely held Badgett Resources, Inc. following a Stock and Property Purchase Agreement. The pa…

The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.


Opinion of the Court
JORGENSON, Judge.

JORGENSON, Judge.

The defendants in this declaratory action below, Mosely, Fernandez, Padgett, Garf-fer, Badgett, and Badgett Resources [collectively the Badgett group], appeal from two orders of the trial court: an amended final judgment in favor of the plaintiff, Jorge de Moya, and an order determining indemnity rendered pursuant to the final judgment. We affirm in part and reverse in part.

This appeal involves control of a closely held Florida corporation. At trial and on appeal, the issues focused on the composition of the board of directors at the time of the Stock and Property Purchase Agreement [agreement]. The Badgett group maintains that the board consisted of five directors, while de Moya maintains that the board consisted of eight directors. The trial court concluded that the eight-man board held office at the time of the agreement. We affirm this portion of the judgment. There was evidence from which the court could conclude that the eight-man board was in office at the time of the agreement. However, our affirmance of this portion of the judgment does not end the question of corporate control.1

We reverse that portion of the judgment in which the trial court ruled that Jorge de Moya is the president of Badgett Resources

and shall continue to act as the President of the Company and he is hereby authorized to exercise his powers as chief executive officer of the corporation and is to have general and active management of the business and affairs of the corporation to carry out the usual or ordinary administrative and fiscal affairs.

To the extent that this portion of the trial court’s order can be construed as a permanent injunction precluding de Moya’s termination as president or precluding the corporation from restricting his powers in any way, the trial court erred. While a director can be terminated only after a meeting called specifically for that purpose, § 607.-117(1), Fla.Stat. (1983), there is no such restriction upon the removal of an officer. If an officer is elected by the board of directors, he can be removed whenever the board believes “in its judgment, the best interests of the corporation will be served thereby.” § 607.154(1), Fla.Stat. (1983).

If an officer is elected by the shareholders, he may be removed by a vote of the shareholders, unless the shareholders have authorized the directors to remove that officer. § 607.154(2), Fla.Stat. (1983).

See Frank v. Anthony, 107 So. 2d 136 (Fla.2d DCA 1958) (general rule is that officers serve only at pleasure of directors).2

During the pendency of this appeal, the Badgett group removed de Moya as president of Badgett Resources but rescinded their action when the trial court stated that they would be held in contempt unless de Moya was reinstated. De Moya’s reliance upon the agreement to provide a contractual basis for his continued presidency of the corporation is misplaced. There is no cause of action either for specific performance or for an injunction against breach of a contract for personal services. Montgomery Pipe & Tube Co. v. Mann, 205 So. 2d 660 (Fla.3d DCA 1968); Robinson v. Sax, 115 So. 2d 438 (Fla.3d DCA 1959).

If de Moya is removed from the presidency of the corporation, his appropriate remedy, if any, is an action for breach of contract. Frank, 107 So. 2d at 138-39; see Mike Smith Pontiac GMC, Inc. v. Smith, 486 So. 2d 89 (Fla. 5th DCA 1986); Melzer v. Jacob Agay H., 426 So. 2d 1049 (Fla.3d DCA), rev. denied, 438 So. 2d 833 (Fla.1983).3

We also reverse the Order Determining Indemnity. The trial court awarded de. Moya $62,500 in attorney’s fees and $372.50 in costs, determining that de Moya was entitled to be indemnified for these amounts. This was improper. Because attorney’s fees are in derogation of the common law, Roberts v. Carter, 350 So. 2d 78 (Fla.1977), they will only be granted pursuant to a contractual agreement or statutory authority. Sheridan v. Greenberg, 391 So. 2d 234 (Fla.3d DCA 1980). Even if de Moya had properly moved for attorneys fees, there was neither a contractual agreement between the parties nor a statutory basis for indemnifying de Moya for his attorney’s fees.

Section 607.014, Florida Statutes (1983), limits indemnification of officers, directors, employees, and agents of corporations to certain situations. In the present case, none of the relevant subsections authorize the court to award indemnity.

Subsections (1) and (2) provide that a corporation shall have the power to indemnify persons if the corporation determines that certain criteria are met. There is no requirement that a corporation must indemnify the person, and there is no authority for the court to order indemnification. Subsection (3) is the only mandatory subsection and provides that an officer or director shall be indemnified if he defends himself in a suit. De Moya was the plaintiff in this action.

De Moya relies upon language in subsection (4), which regulates indemnification made under subsection (1) or subsection (2), “unless pursuant to a determination by a court.” De Moya argues that this language contemplates court-ordered indemnity under subsections (1) or (2).

We disagree. As we have said, there is no authority in subsections (1) and (2) for a court to order indemnity; the language in subsection (4) cannot create that authority. Subsection (6) allows a corporation to indemnify an officer or director “under any bylaw, agreement, vote of shareholders or disinterested directors_” No bylaw or agreement provides for indemnity in the present case, and there was no vote by the shareholders or disinterested directors. De Moya also relies upon language in subsection (9) which refers to indemnification expenses paid “otherwise than by court order.” Again, such language cannot create an independent authority for the court to order indemnity. Under the facts of this case de Moya does not meet any of the statutory criteria for indemnity.

In view of the results reached, the other points raised have been mooted.

Reversed and remanded.

. In a separate action instituted in Broward County Circuit Court pursuant to-the deadlock statute, § 607.274(l)(a)(l), Fla.Stat. (1983), the Broward trial court made further findings about Badgett Resources. Badgett Resources, Inc. v. Republic National Bank, No. 85-9411 (Fla. 17th Cir.Ct. June 25, 1985).

Summary judgment was entered after the Broward trial court determined that the deadlock in management of Bad-gett Resources had been “lawfully broken" because, even though the directors were deadlocked at four-four, the Badgett group contained a majority of the shareholders and had the ability to operate the company. The court reached this conclusion because, after proper notice, on April 26, 1985, a shareholders’ special meeting had been held. At the meeting, the shareholders amended the bylaws by providing for special bi-monthly meetings of the board of directors, to be followed immediately by special meetings of the shareholders. The amendments give the shareholders the power to decide the proper corporate action to be taken if, at the special directors’ meeting, the directors are deadlocked.

. Although de Moya held office as both president and director, the issue of his continuance as a director is not presented here.

. The trial court further erred in making any factual findings about a transfer by some of the defendants of a Badgett Resources corporate asset to Sawgrass Rock Quarry, Inc., a company owned and run by those defendants. The trial court had earlier ruled that evidence on the issue was not to be considered except for the limited purpose of determining credibility.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • Seaescape, Ltd., Inc. v. Maximum Mktg. Exposure, Inc., 568 So. 2d 952 (Fla. 3d DCA 1990)
    …at issue here are ordinary contracts for employment or personal services. Such contracts are not enforceable by injunction or specific performance. E.g., Shearson Lehman Hutton, Inc. v. Meyer, 561 So. 2d 1331 (Fla. 5th DCA 1990); Mosely v. De Moya, 497 So. 2d 696, 697 (Fla. 3d DCA 1986); Mike Smith Pontiac GMC, Inc. v. Smith, 486 So. 2d 89, 90 (Fla. 5th DCA 1986); see Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 367(1)(1981); 11 S. Williston, A Treatise on the Law of Contracts § 1423 (3d ed. 1968); 5A A. Corbin, Corb…
  • …re almost always denied is in the enforcement of employment or personal service contracts. Taylor v. Fla. East Coast Ry. Co., 54 Fla. 635, 45 So. 574 (1907); Montaner v. Big Show Productions S.A., 620 So. 2d 246 (Fla. 3d DCA 1993); Mosely v. DeMoya, 497 So. 2d 696 (Fla. 3d DCA 1986); Mike Smith Pontiac GMC Inc. v. Smith, 486 So. 2d 89 (Fla. 5th DCA 1986); Melzer v. Jacob Agay H., 426 So. 2d 1049 (Fla. 3d DCA), rev. denied, 438 So. 2d 833 (Fla.1983); Adjmi v. Pankonin, 126 So. 2d 153, 155 (Fla. 3d DCA), cert.…
  • Pallen v. Richardson, 531 So. 2d 1043 (Fla. 3d DCA 1988)
    …parable harm will result if an injunction is not granted [i.e., that money damages will not alone adequately compensate the plaintiff], we reverse the injunctive orders under review and remand the cause for further proceedings. See Mosely v. DeMoya, 497 So. 2d 696, 697-98 (Fla. 3d DCA 1986); Mike Smith Pontiac GMC, Inc. v. Smith, [*1044] 486 So. 2d 89, 90 (Fla. 5th DCA 1986); Oxford Int’l Bank & Trust, Ltd. v. Merrill, Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc., 374 So. 2d 54, 55 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979), cert. dismissed,…

Previewing 3 of 8 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Authorities Cited

Full citator, related cases, and AI research tools

Open in FLexlaw