ZAYRE CORP., APPELLANT,
v.
JAMES R. CREECH, APPELLEE
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Zayre Corporation appeals a judgment awarding damages for breach of an employment contract. The appellate court reverses, holding that because the employee mitigated his damages by earning more from subsequent employment than he was owed under the breached contract, he is entitled to only nominal damages.
The employee is entitled only to nominal damages because the mitigation of damages doctrine requires that recoverable damages be reduced by the amount the employee actually earned in subsequent employment. When subsequent earnings exceed the contract price for the remainder of the term, recovery is limited to nominal damages only.
[1] In a breach of employment contract action, the prima facie measure of damages is the contract price for the unexpired term, subject to reduction by amounts the employee a…
[2] An employee wrongfully discharged from a contract of employment for a definite term has a duty to mitigate damages by seeking other employment of a like nature.
Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“The law is clear that the purpose of an award of damages in a breach of contract action is to place the injured party in the same financial position as he would have occupied if the contract has been fully performed.”
Establishes the foundational principle that damages aim to achieve full contract performance value, not provide a windfall.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceCreech was employed by Zayre for several years until his termination in September 1984. Creech claimed an oral employment contract from June 1, 1984 t…
The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.
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DOWNEY, Judge.
Zayre Corporation appeals a final judgment in favor of appellee James R. Creech for breach of an employment agreement.
It appears that Creech had been employed by Zayre for a number of years until his employment was terminated as of September 1984. He sued Zayre claiming that he had an oral contract of employment from June 1, 1984 to May 31, 1985 and that his termination without cause was a breach of said contract. The trial court ruled in Creech’s favor finding that Zayre had paid Creech for forty-four weeks by including vacation and severance pay and that Zayre owed him for several weeks’ salary plus a bonus of $7,338.
Zayre contends on appeal that within ten weeks after he was terminated Creech was employed by Richway at an annual salary of $34,000. As a result, Zayre argues that Creech’s damages were completely mitigated because his earnings for the annual period in question exceeded the salary due him under his contract with Zayre. The trial judge rejected this defense and made no deduction for the earnings recovered by Creech during the remainder of the term in question. That ruling is erroneous because the established rule in Florida in employment situations of this kind is set forth in Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation v. Rievman, 370 So. 2d 33, 35-36 (Fla.3d DCA 1979), as follows:
The law is clear that the purpose of an award of damages in a breach of contract action is to place the injured party in the same financial position as he would have occupied if the contract has been fully performed. Hodges v. A.P. Fries & Co., 34 Fla. 63, 69, 15 So. 682, 684 (1894); Popwell v. Abel, 226 So. 2d 418, 422 (Fla. 4th DCA 1969); First National Insurance Agency, Inc. v. Leesburg Transfer & Storage, Inc., 139 So. 2d 476, 482 (Fla. 2d DCA 1962). It is, therefore, the established law of this state that in an action for breach of an employment contract [brought by an employee for an alleged wrongful discharge prior to completion of the contract] the prima facie measure of damages is the contract price of salary or wages for the unexpired term of the contract together with any unpaid balance due under the contract for services rendered before the wrongful discharge. Hazen v. Cobb, 96 Fla. 151, 117 So. 853 (1928); 2 Fla.Jur.2d “Agency and Employment” § 134, p. 315 (1977)....
These prima facie damages, however, are subject to reduction upon proof of an amount which the employee actually earned, or could have earned through the use of due diligence in other employment of like nature, for the remainder of his term of employment under the contract. Southern Keswick, Inc. v. Whetherholt, 293 So. 2d 109 (Fla. 2d DCA 1974). In this connection, it is often said that the plaintiff employee has a duty to mitigate his damages by reasonably seeking other employment of like nature subsequent to the breach of contract; the penalty for failing to comply with that duty is a reduction in his recoverable damages in the amount he could have earned had he complied with such duty.
Accordingly, Creech was not entitled to recover the balance of his salary or bonus for the 1984-85 year because the amount he earned after his wrongful discharge exceeded the balance due him from Zayre for salary and bonus.
Nevertheless, the general rule in cases of this type is that the measure of damages recoverable for breach of a contract of employment for a definite term is the amount of compensation agreed upon for the remainder of the period involved, less the amount which the servant earned, or with reasonable diligence might have earned, from other employment during that period. However, if following the discharge, the former employee has earned more than the price agreed to be paid, his recovery is limited to nominal damages only. 53 Am.Jur.2d Master and Servant § 62 (1970). Kg. Board of Education of Alamogordo Public School District No. 1, 102 N.M. 762, 701 P. 2d 361 (1985). This rule is also followed in Florida where a contract has been breached but for one reason or another recoverable damages were not proven. See AMC/Jeep of Vero Beach, Inc. v. Funston, 403 So. 2d 602 (Fla. 4th DCA 1981); Muroff v. Dill, 386 So. 2d 1281 (Fla. 4th DCA 1980).
In view of the foregoing, the provisions of the judgment awarding Creech $13,378 are reversed and the cause is remanded to the trial court with directions to enter a judgment for Creech for nominal damages only.
LETTS and WALDEN, JJ., concur.
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Amjad Munim, M.D., P.A. v. George Azar, M.D., 648 So. 2d 145 (Fla. 4th DCA 1994)…ployee to the contract price for the unexpired term, less the amount the employee actually earned or with reasonable diligence might have earned during this same period. See Hazen v. Cobb, 96 Fla. 151, 117 So. 853, 859 (1928); Zayre Corp. v. Creech, 497 So. 2d 706, 708 (Fla. 4th DCA 1986); Juvenile Diabetes Research Found, v. Rievman, 370 So. 2d 33 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979); Punkar. This would allow Dr. Azar to recover damages for the third year based on the contract. Although Dr. Munim argues on appeal that the co…
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Indian River Colony Club, Inc. v. Schopke Constr. & Eng'g, Inc., 619 So. 2d 6 (Fla. 5th DCA 1993)…breached the contract in the prior trial. Therefore, Schopke would be entitled to nominal damages for the breach of contract by IRCC. See Continuum Condominium Ass’n. v. Continuum VI, Inc., 549 So. 2d 1125 (Fla. 3d DCA 1989); Zayre Corp. v. Creech, 497 So. 2d 706 (Fla. 4th DCA 1986); Muroff v. Dill, 386 So. 2d 1281 (Fla. 4th DCA 1980), rev. denied, 392 So. 2d 1377 (Fla.1981). See also U.S. Home Corp. v. Suncoast Utilities, 454 So. 2d 601 (Fla. 2d DCA 1984) (nominal damages appropriate where plaintiff fails t…
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Continuum Condo. Ass'n, Inc. v. Continuum VI, Inc., 549 So. 2d 1125 (Fla. 3d DCA 1989)…oven, but the aggrieved party suffered no damages, see Young v. Johnson, 475 So. 2d 1309 (Fla. 1st DCA 1985), or where, e.g., a contract has been breached, but for one reason or another recoverable damages were not proven, see Zayre Corp. v. Creech, 497 So. 2d 706 (Fla. 4th DCA 1986) (citations omitted), such is not the case here. The record reflects that appellees did not contest appellant’s evidence supporting its claim of approximately $321,000 in total damages. Conversely, the record is void of any eviden…
Previewing 3 of 8 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Hazen v. Cobb, 96 Fla. 151 (Fla. 1928)
- Hodges v. A. P. Fries & Co., 34 Fla. 63 (Fla. 1894)
- Popwell v. Abel, 226 So. 2d 418 (Fla. 4th DCA 1969)
- Juv. Diabetes Research Found. v. Rievman, 370 So. 2d 33 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979)
- First Nat'l Ins. Agency, Inc. v. Leesburg Transfer & Storage, Inc., 139 So. 2d 476 (Fla. 2d DCA 1962)
- Muroff v. Dill, 386 So. 2d 1281 (Fla. 4th DCA 1980)
- AMC/Jeep OF Vero Beach, Inc. v. Funston, 403 So. 2d 602 (Fla. 4th DCA 1981)
- S. Keswick, Inc. v. Sanford Whetherholt, 293 So. 2d 109 (Fla. 2d DCA 1974)