UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, APPELLEE-CROSS-APPELLANT,
v.
RONALD WHITAKER, DEFENDANT-APPELLANT-CROSS-APPELLEE
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The court held that a written information stating prior convictions is not required under 21 U.S.C. § 851(a)(1) when enhancing a sentence under the Sentencing Guidelines within the statutory range, even if the defendant qualifies as a career offender.
Ronald Whitaker was convicted of conspiracy to distribute and import cocaine. The trial court refused to sentence him as a career offender under Sente…
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PER CURIAM:
Following a jury trial before Lee P. Ga-gliardi, Senior District Judge, defendant-appellant Ronald Whitaker was convicted of one count of conspiracy to distribute cocaine and one count of conspiracy to import cocaine in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 846, 963. At sentencing, Judge Gagliar-di refused the government’s request to sentence Whitaker as a career offender pursuant to § 4B1.1 of the Sentencing Guidelines because the government had failed to file “an information with the court ... stating in writing the previous convictions to be relied upon.” 21 U.S.C. § 851(a)(1). Whitaker was sentenced to a 211-month term of imprisonment, a five-year term of supervised release and a $100 special assessment.
On its cross-appeal, the government argues that Judge Gagliardi erred in refusing to sentence Whitaker, who is over the age of 18 and has at least two prior felony convictions of either a crime of violence or a controlled substance offense, see Sentencing Guidelines § 4B1.1, as a career offender. We agree.
As the overwhelming majority of circuits that have addressed this issue have concluded, a § 851(a)(1) notice is required only where the statutory minimum or maximum penalty under Part D of Title 21 is sought to be enhanced, not where a defendant, by virtue of his criminal history, receives an increased sentence under the Sentencing Guidelines within the statutory range. See, e.g., United States v. Novey, 922 F. 2d 624, 628 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 111 S.Ct. 2861, 115 L.Ed.2d 1028 (1991); United States v. McDougherty, 920 F. 2d 569, 574 (9th Cir.1990), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 111 S.Ct. 1119, 113 L.Ed.2d 227 (1991); United States v. Sanchez, 917 F. 2d 607, 616 (1st Cir.1990), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 111 S.Ct. 1625, 113 L.Ed.2d 722 (1991); United States v. Marshall, 910 F. 2d 1241, 1245 (5th Cir.1990), cert. denied, — U.S. —, 111 S.Ct. 976, 112 L.Ed.2d 1061 (1991); United States v. Wallace, 895 F. 2d 487, 490 (8th Cir.1990).1 The lone circuit holding a contrary view, see United States v. Williams, 899 F. 2d 1526, 1529 (6th Cir.1990), reached that result without giving recognition to the fact that § 851 was enacted in 1970, long before the effective date of Sentencing Guidelines, which make no reference to § 851.
The statutory penalty for Whitaker’s crimes is a minimum of 10 years and a maximum of life imprisonment. See 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1), 841(b)(1)(A), 846, 952(a), 960(b)(1)(B), 963. Under the Sentencing Guidelines, Whitaker was assigned a base offense level of 37 with a criminal history category of VI. With this career offender calculation, Whitaker could receive 360 months to life — a sentence within the statutory range. Section 851 is thus inapplicable and the district court erred in refusing to sentence Whitaker as a career offender because of the government’s noncompliance therewith. We also note that Whitaker’s prior convictions are detailed in his presentence report and that he had ample notice prior to sentencing that these convictions would be considered.
We have considered Whitaker’s arguments on his direct appeal and find them to be without merit. The judgment of conviction is hereby vacated and we remand for resentencing under § 4B1.1.
. Although the Novey court expressly adopted the reasoning of Wallace, see Novey, 922 F. 2d at 627-28 (citing Wallace, 895 F. 2d at 90), it curiously went on to hold that notice of one prior conviction satisfies § 851 even though more than one prior conviction is necessary to trigger the career offender definition under § 4B1.1. See Novey, 922 F. 2d at 628.
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Previewing 3 of 5 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- United States v. Sanchez, 917 F.2d 607 (1st Cir. 1990)
- The United States v. Marshall, 910 F.2d 1241 (5th Cir. 1990)
- United States v. Williams, 899 F.2d 1526 (6th Cir. 1990)
- United States v. Novey, 922 F.2d 624 (10th Cir. 1991)
- United States v. Wallace, 895 F.2d 487 (8th Cir. 1990)
- United States v. Lesester D. McDOUGHERTY, 920 F.2d 569 (9th Cir. 1990)