PAUL BEASLEY JOHNSON, PETITIONER,
v.
LOUIE L. WAINWRIGHT, RESPONDENT

Fla. | 1986-12-11
No. 68319
MCDONALD, C.J., and ADKINS, BOYD, OVERTON, EHRLICH, SHAW and BARRETT, JJ., concur.
498 So. 2d 938 Florida Supreme Court (1986) Caution
Cited by 62 cases

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Holding

Ineffective assistance of appellate counsel warrants a new trial when counsel fails to raise a clear issue of reversible error regarding jury separation after deliberations began.


Headnotes

[1] A jury in a capital case must be sequestered until a verdict is reached or the jury is discharged after being unable to reach a verdict, once deliberations have begun.

[2] Failure by appellate counsel to raise a known issue of reversible error constitutes ineffective assistance of counsel.

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Facts & Procedural History

After jury deliberations began, the trial court allowed the jury to separate overnight despite defense counsel's objection and mistrial motion. Appell…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

Paul Johnson, a Florida prisoner under sentence of death, petitions this Court for a writ of habeas corpus. We have jurisdiction. Art. V, §§ 3(b)(1), (9), Fla. Const. We grant the writ and remand for a new trial.

A jury convicted Johnson of, among other things, three counts of first-degree murder and recommended that he be sentenced to death. The trial court imposed three death sentences on Johnson, and we affirmed his convictions and sentences. Johnson v. State, 438 So. 2d 774 (Fla.1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1051, 104 S.Ct. 1329, 79 L.Ed.2d 724 (1984). The governor signed Johnson’s death warrant in January 1986, and Johnson subsequently filed the instant petition.

Johnson raises two claims in this petition. First, he argues that this Court should stay his execution because the United States Supreme Court is currently considering the constitutionality of “death qualifying” juries in Lockhart v. McCree, — U.S. -, 106 S.Ct. 1758, 90 L.Ed.2d 137 (1986). We have previously found this issue to be without merit. Kennedy v. Wainwright, 483 So. 2d 424 (Fla.), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 107 S.Ct. 291, 93 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). Moreover, after Johnson filed this petition, the Supreme Court decided Lockhart adversely to his position. — U.S. -, 106 S.Ct. 1758, 90 L.Ed.2d 137 (1986).

As his second point, Johnson claims that he received ineffective assistance of appellate counsel. We granted the requested stay so that oral argument could be presented on the second issue. After reviewing this matter we conclude that relief is warranted.* Several hours after the jury had begun its deliberations on Johnson’s guilt or innocence, the trial court allowed the jury to separate for the night. Johnson’s trial counsel objected to this separation and requested that the jury be sequestered overnight. The court denied both the objection and the request. The following morning trial counsel again objected to the procedure and moved for a mistrial. The court denied the motion. Appellate counsel did not raise this separation of the jury as an issue on appeal.

In making the instant claim of ineffective assistance of appellate counsel Johnson relies on Livingston v. State, 458 So. 2d 235 (Fla.1984), and Raines v. State, 65 So. 2d 558 (Fla.1953). In Livingston we held that “in a capital ease, after the jury’s deliberations have begun, the jury must be sequestered until it reaches a verdict or is discharged after being ultimately unable to do so.” 458 So. 2d at 239. Livingston relied on Raines, wherein this Court reversed for a new trial when the jury had been allowed to separate for fifteen hours after beginning to deliberate. Even though we did not file Livingston until a year after we affirmed Johnson’s convictions and sentences, Raines embodied the law at the time of Johnson’s trial and appeal. Under Raines reversible error occurred during Johnson’s trial. We find, therefore, that appellate counsel provided ineffective assistance by not bringing this issue to our attention.

Relying on Engle v. State, 438 So. 2d 803 (Fla.1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1074, 104 S.Ct. 1430, 79 L.Ed.2d 753 (1984), the state argues that Johnson’s appellate counsel provided effective assistance because Raines is materially distinguishable from the instant case. In Engle the the trial court had instructed the jury not to discuss the case and not to read, watch, or listen to any media reports on the trial; no such admonishment had been made in Raines. The key difference between Raines and the instant case on one hand and Engle on the other, however, is that in Engle the parties stipulated to the separation. Engle does not make Johnson’s appellate counsel’s performance effective. Additionally, we did not file our opinion in Engle until after we had affirmed Johnson’s convictions and sentences.

If appellate counsel had brought the jury separation issue to our attention on appeal, a new trial would have been granted. Johnson seeks a new appeal in the instant petition and, in fact, has demonstrated his counsel’s ineffectiveness. In this instance, however, a new appeal would be redundant because we acknowledge that reversible error occurred at trial. Therefore, we reverse Johnson’s convictions, vacate his sentences, and direct that he be retried.

It is so ordered.

MCDONALD, C.J., and ADKINS, BOYD, OVERTON, EHRLICH, SHAW and BARRETT, JJ., concur. *

Johnson mentions five instances of ineffectiveness. Except for the jury sequestration issue, they are without merit.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By (31 total)

  • Thompson v. State, 759 So. 2d 650 (Fla. 2000)
    …teen as merit-less because appellate counsel cannot be deemed ineffective for failing to raise improper comment on direct appeal that would not have constituted reversible error. See, e.g., Teffeteller, 734 So. 2d at 1027; cf. Johnson v. Wainwright, 498 So. 2d 938, 939 (Fla.1986) (granting habeas relief after finding that appellate counsel was ineffective for failing to raise an issue that was properly preserved and would have constituted reversible error had it been raised on direct appeal). Thompson argues…
  • Teffeteller v. Dugger, 734 So. 2d 1009 (Fla. 1999)
    …ves fundamental error that is cognizable in postconviction proceedings even though not raised on direct appeal. We do not agree that the merits of this claim are cognizable on ha-beas when not raised as an issue on appeal. Cfi Johnson v. Wainwright, 498 So. 2d 938 (Fla.1986) (issue of jury’s separation during deliberations raised in habe-as petition as claim that appellate counsel was ineffective for not raising issue on appeal). Teffeteller also alleges that appellate counsel was ineffective for not raising…
  • Johnson v. State, 608 So. 2d 4 (Fla. 1992)
    …court’s allowing his jury to separate after it began deliberating his guilt or innocence. We acknowledged that not keeping a capital-case jury together during deliberations is reversible error and granted Johnson a new trial. Johnson v. Wainwright, 498 So. 2d 938 (Fla.1986), cert, denied, 481 U.S. 1016, 107 S.Ct. 1894, 95 L.Ed.2d 500 (1987). Johnson’s retrial began in Polk County in October 1987. During the trial, however, the judge granted Johnson’s motion for mistrial based on juror misconduct. After that,…

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