STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLANT,
v.
LARRY LEE NORTHERN, APPELLEE

Fla. 4th DCA | 1987-03-18
No. 4-86-1459
ANSTEAD, J., concurs., GLICKSTEIN, J., concurs with result.
503 So. 2d 1001 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (1987) Negative Treatment
Cited by 8 cases

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Synopsis

The appellate court affirmed the trial court's downward departure from sentencing guidelines, finding that the minimal amount of contraband involved was a clear and convincing reason for departure.


Holding

The appellate court held that the minimal amount of contraband involved in the offense is a clear and convincing reason for a downward departure from the sentencing guidelines.


Headnotes

[1] A minimal amount of contraband involved in an offense can be a clear and convincing reason for departing downward from sentencing guidelines.

[2] Prior convictions, for which the defendant has already served the penalty, cannot be a basis for departing downward from sentencing guidelines.

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Facts & Procedural History

The State appealed a trial court's downward departure from sentencing guidelines after Larry Lee Northern was convicted of selling cocaine. The trial …

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Opinion of the Court
DOWNEY, Judge.

DOWNEY, Judge.

Appellee, Larry Lee Northern, was convicted by a jury for the sale of cocaine in violation of section 893.13(1)(a), Florida Statutes, a second degree felony. At sentencing, the state and the defense agreed that the recommended sentence range on the scoresheet was twelve to thirty months’ incarceration or community control. The trial judge elected to depart downward from the guidelines range and sentenced Northern to six months in the county jail, and the state has appealed.

Northern had three prior convictions on drug related crimes that were factored into the scoresheet as a misdemeanor, a second degree felony, and a third degree felony. The primary offense involved here was the sale of $10 worth of cocaine, a second degree felony. Although Northern had been offered a plea bargain of six months in the county jail, he maintained his innocence and submitted his case to a jury. As grounds for departing from the guidelines, the trial judge stated that the downward departure was justified because 1) the sale was for only $10, 2) appellant’s previous record was factored into the scorecard, and 3) defendant could have pleaded guilty in Belle Glade and received six months in the county jail, but he refused to do so because he maintained he was innocent and would stand trial. The sole point on appeal is the trial court’s downward departure from the sentencing guidelines.

The first ground relied upon by the court, the minimal amount of contraband involved, has been held by this court in State v. Pina, 487 So. 2d 351 (Fla. 4th DCA 1986), to be a clear and convincing reason for departure. The reason therefor is succinctly stated in Mitchell v. State, 458 So. 2d 10, 11 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984), rev. denied, 464 So. 2d 556 (Fla.1985), disapproved on other grounds, State v. Whitfield, 487 So. 2d 1045 (Fla.1986), wherein the court said:

Mitchell was in possession of an entire bale of marijuana. That, in itself, was reason enough to depart from the guidelines sentence. Mitchell was charged and convicted of possession of more than 20 grams of cannabis, a third degree felony punishable by a maximum term of five years imprisonment. A person who possesses 21 grams is guilty of the same statutory offense as one who possesses 100 pounds. Notably, the sentencing guidelines make no distinction between the two. In other words, the guidelines sentence in such cases do not reflect the “aggravation” present in a given case by reason of the large quantity of cannabis possessed by the defendant.

Prior to the recent advent of sentencing guidelines, one of the most important factors commonly considered by the sentencing judge in the determination of an appropriate sentence was the quantity of marijuana possessed by the defendant. We have no difficulty in finding that a large quantity of cannabis, such as that involved in the instant case, is a clear and convincing reason for departing from the guidelines. This is a “factor relating to the instant offense” for which the defendant has been convicted and is thus not violative of Rule 3.701(d)(11). [Footnote omitted.]

See also Atwaters v. State, 495 So. 2d 1219 (Fla. 1st DCA 1986); State v. Villalovo, 481 So. 2d 1303 (Fla. 3d DCA 1986).

The court’s second reason for departure was the fact that, although Northern had several prior drug related convictions, he had served his time for them and to factor them in to this sentence would be tantamount to “repunishing” him. This was an invalid reason for departure because merely paying the penalty for a prior crime does not eliminate it from consideration in the guidelines scheme of things. It is not a valid reason for departure upward, State v. Mischler, 488 So. 2d 523 (Fla.1986), nor is it any more reason for departure downward.

Finally, the court felt that Northern’s exercise of his constitutional right to go to trial rather than plead guilty and receive a possible county jail sentence should be considered and that it justified a downward departure to a sentence of six months in the county jail. This reasoning is specifically condemned in Mischler as grounds for an upward departure and we hold it is just as improper as a reason for a downward departure.

We cannot say for sure what sentence the trial judge would have rendered absent the second and third grounds relied upon. Thus, under Albritton v. State, 476 So. 2d 158 (Fla.1985), we cannot say the error was harmless. Accordingly, the sentence is reversed and the cause is remanded to the trial court for resentencing.

ANSTEAD, J., concurs.

GLICKSTEIN, J., concurs with result.


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Citator

Cited By

  • State v. Johnson, 512 So. 2d 1116 (Fla. 3d DCA 1987)
    …dditional items. The defendant’s willingness to plead guilty to the crimes is also not a clear and convincing reason for downward departure. Scott v. State, 469 So. 2d 865, 866 (Fla. 1st DCA 1985); Collins, 482 So. 2d at 389; cf. State v. Northern, 503 So. 2d 1001 (Fla. 4th DCA 1987) (defendant’s refusal to plead guilty, opting instead to exercise right to trial, is not a valid reason for downward departure from sentencing guidelines); Vance v. State, 475 So. 2d 1362 (Fla. 5th DCA 1985) (defendant’s refusal t…
  • State v. Myers, 515 So. 2d 333 (Fla. 3d DCA 1987)
    …insignificant value of items taken by a defendant convicted of theft constituted a clear and convincing reason to depart downward in sentencing. This principle was the foundation for the courts’ holdings in State v. Villalovo, and State v. Northern, 503 So. 2d 1001 (Fla. 4th DCA 1987), where the marginal amount of contraband involved justified a downward departure. The State failed to prove that any items taken by DANIEL MYERS had any significant value. Accordingly, a third, independent, clear and convincing r…
    1 / 2
  • Peterson v. State, 506 So. 2d 94 (Fla. 2d DCA 1987)
    …record. We reject the defendant’s argument that his scoresheet should contain no reference to count I at all. Merely paying the penalty for a prior crime does not eliminate it from consideration in the guidelines scheme of things. State v. Northern, 503 So. 2d 1001 (Fla. 4th DCA 1987). However, there may be error in doubling the points for victim injury under “death or severe injury.” Thus it appears that the correct point total would place the defendant’s recommended sentencing range below fifteen years. The…

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