ANTHONY BERTOLOTTI, PETITIONER,
v.
RICHARD L. DUGGER, ETC., RESPONDENT
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The Court held that appellate counsel was not ineffective for failing to raise issues not preserved for appeal or for making a tactical decision during oral argument. Therefore, the petition for habeas corpus and stay of execution are denied.
[1] Appellate counsel's argument regarding a client's "sexual problems" as a mitigating factor, even if potentially misconstrued, does not constitute per se ineffective assis…
[2] A general jury verdict may be challenged as void if it could have been based on an unconstitutional ground, even if alternative valid grounds exist.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligencePetitioner, under sentence of death, sought a writ of habeas corpus alleging ineffective assistance of appellate counsel. He raised two claims: one re…
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PER CURIAM.
Anthony Bertolotti, a prisoner under sentence of death and execution warrant, petitions this Court for a writ of habeas corpus, based on claims of ineffective assistance of appellate counsel. He also requests a stay of his execution which is set for November 16, 1987. We have jurisdiction. Art. V, § 3(b)(9), Fla. Const. Finding no merit to the claims raised, we deny the petition and the requested stay.
This Court affirmed Bertolotti’s conviction of first-degree murder and sentence of death in Bertolotti v. State, 476 So. 2d 130 (Fla.1985). The facts surrounding the murder for which Bertolotti stands convicted and the issues raised on direct appeal are set forth in that opinion and need not be recounted here.
In this petition, Bertolotti raises two claims of ineffectiveness of appellate counsel. Bertolotti’s first claim is that counsel was “per se” ineffective for arguing to this court during oral argument that her client was guilty of sexual battery despite the fact that the trial court found, in his sentencing order, that sexual battery had not been proven beyond a reasonable doubt.
We find this claim to be totally without merit. When placed in context, it is apparent that the portion of appellate counsel’s oral argument upon which this claim is based was an attempt by counsel to point out Bertolotti’s “sexual problems” as a mitigating factor justifying a life sentence. Under the circumstances, it cannot be said that counsel was deficient in her performance for taking such a position during oral argument. Further, Bertolotti has not even attempted to show how this tactical decision prejudiced his appeal.
We also find no merit to Bertolot-ti’s second claim that appellate counsel was ineffective for failing to challenge the verdict as void because 1) there is no way of knowing whether it was based on a constitutionally permissible ground, and 2) there is no way of determining whether there was juror unanimity.
The jury in this case was instructed on premeditated murder and felony murder based on robbery, sexual battery, and burglary. A general verdict was received. Bertolotti's second claim hinges on the fact that, in his sentencing order, the trial judge specifically found that the state had failed to prove sexual battery and burglary beyond a reasonable doubt and therefore, neither could serve as an additional bases for finding the aggravating circumstance that the murder was committed during the commission of a felony under section 921.141(5)(d), Florida Statutes. He maintains that counsel should have argued on appeal that the general verdict was void under Stromberg v. California, 283 U.S. 359, 51 S.Ct. 532, 75 L.Ed. 1117 (1931) (verdict which might be based on unconstitutional ground cannot stand, even if there are alternative theories to support the verdict) because it might have been based on felony murder with either sexual battery or burglary as the underlying felony.
We agree with the state that this issue was not properly preserved for appellate consideration. In order to preserve an issue for appellate review, the specific legal argument or ground upon which it is based must be presented to the trial court. Tillman v. State, 471 So. 2d 32 (Fla.1985).
Although trial counsel challenged the jury instruction on felony murder, this challenge was based on the fact that felony murder was not specifically charged in the indictment. It is clear from the record that Petitioner’s “Strom-berg” argument was never presented to the trial court. At no time during trial or in a motion for new trial was the adequacy of the evidence to support a felony murder conviction based on sexual battery or burglary specifically challenged. Further, trial counsel made no request for a special verdict, nor did he object to the use of the general verdict form. Appellate counsel’s failure to raise an issue which was not preserved for appellate review and which does not present a fundamental error does not amount to a serious deficiency in performance. See Davis v. Wainwrigkt, 498 So. 2d 857 (Fla.1986), cert. denied, — U.S. —, 108 S.Ct. 208, 98 L.Ed.2d 159 (1987); Pope v. Wainwright, 496 So. 2d 798 (Fla.1986), cert. denied, — U.S. —, 107 S.Ct. 1617, 94 L.Ed.2d 801 (1987); Ruffin v. Wainwrigkt, 461 So. 2d 109 (Fla.1984).
Accordingly, since the petitioner has failed to show deficient performance by appellate counsel which prejudiced his appeal, as required under Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984), both the petition for writ of habeas corpus and the requested stay of execution are denied.
No petition for rehearing will be entertained.
It is so ordered.
McDonald, C.J., and OVERTON, EHRLICH, SHAW, BARKETT, GRIMES and KOGAN, JJ., concur.
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Beasley v. State, 774 So. 2d 649 (Fla. 2000)…not required to ‘rebut conclusively every possible variation’ of events which could be inferred from the evidence, but only to introduce competent evidence which is inconsistent with the defendant's theory of events”); see also Bertolotti v. Dugger, 514 So. 2d 1095, 1096 (Fla.1987)(holding that, "[i]n order to preserve an issue for appellate review, the specific legal argument or ground upon which it is based must be presented to the trial court"), citing Tillman v. State, 471 So. 2d 32 (Fla.1985). However, in…
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Roberts v. State, 568 So. 2d 1255 (Fla. 1990)…gger, 547 So. 2d 1197 (Fla.1989); Eutzy v. State, 541 So. 2d 1143, 1145 (Fla.1989). In order to preserve an issue for appellate review, the specific legal ground upon which a claim is based must be presented to the trial court. Bertolotti v. Dugger, 514 So. 2d 1095 (Fla.1987); Tillman v. State, 471 So. 2d 32 (Fla.1985). Of the objections which were made to the numerous instances of alleged victim-impact evidence, none of those objections were based on the prejudicial nature of the evidence. Roberts raised a he…1 / 2
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Simmons v. State, 934 So. 2d 1100 (Fla. 2006)…cumstantial evidence (not mitigating). . We find that Simmons’ claim that the State's witness on mtDNA testing was not qualified to testify is waived because defense counsel failed to object to his qualifications at trial. See Bertolotti v. Dugger, 514 So. 2d 1095, 1096 (Fla.1987) ("In order to preserve an issue for appellate review, the specific legal argument or ground upon which it is based must be presented to the trial court.”). We also find that Simmons' claim that the prosecutor made improper remarks c…
Previewing 3 of 51 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (U.S. 1984)
- Stromberg v. California, 283 U.S. 359 (U.S. 1931)
- Tillman v. State, 471 So. 2d 32 (Fla. 1985)
- Pope v. Louie L. Wainwright, 496 So. 2d 798 (Fla. 1986)
- Bertolotti v. State, 476 So. 2d 130 (Fla. 1985)
- Ruffin v. Louie L. Wainwright, 461 So. 2d 109 (Fla. 1984)
- Davis v. Louie L. Wainwright, 498 So. 2d 857 (Fla. 1986)