IN RE THE ESTATE OF RICHARD ROBERTSON, DECEASED
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The Florida Fourth District Court of Appeal affirmed the trial court's decision to vacate an order of family administration that had named the decedent's mother as sole heir, instead recognizing his illegitimate daughter Nicole as the sole heir after establishing his paternity through clear and unequivocal evidence of his acknowledgment and family relationship.
Nicole can establish paternity and inherit as the decedent's natural child despite being born in wedlock. The statutory language 'out of wedlock' should be liberally construed to effectuate the statute's purpose of permitting children to inherit from their natural fathers. Nicole is not bound by the dissolution judgment since she was not a party to it, and her claim is not barred by the statute of limitations because the delay resulted from the appellant's false representations.
[1] A child born during a marriage may establish paternity for intestate succession purposes if the father's paternity is clearly and unequivocally established by evidence af…
[2] The statutory language allowing for intestate succession by a person born out of wedlock should be liberally construed to effectuate the purpose of permitting children to…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“a statute legitimating children for inheritance purposes is to be liberally construed to effectuate its purpose”
The court's basis for interpreting section 732.108 broadly to allow children born in wedlock to establish paternity for inheritance purposes despite the statutory language.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceRichard Robertson died intestate in April 1983. He had fathered Nicole Allard in March 1977 with Linda Hill, who married David Allard in September 197…
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HERSEY, Chief Judge.
Finding that the decedent, Richard Robertson, was survived by an illegimate daughter, Nicole, the trial court vacated an earlier order which had designated appellant Helen Robertson, the decedent’s mother, as sole heir of the estate.
In July 1976 the decedent had a relationship with Linda Hill, who became pregnant. Linda thereafter married David Allard in September 1976. Linda Hill Allard gave birth to Nicole Allard in March 1977. On April 2,1983, Richard Robertson died intestate. Appellant obtained an order of family administration. Linda, as guardian of Nicole, petitioned to set this order aside.
There was substantial competent evidence to support the following findings of the trial court:
1. Nicole Allard was and is the natural daughter of the decedent, Richard Robertson.
2. The decedent’s natural mother, Helen Robertson, filed with this Court on the 2nd of March, 1987, a Petition for Family Administration wherein she failed to disclose the status of Nicole Allard as the decedent’s natural daughter. The Court finds that said failure on the part of Helen Robertson was intentional, deliberate and constituted a fraud upon this Court.
3. The evidence establishes that the decedent acknowledged both in writing and orally on numerous occasions subsequent to the birth of his daughter, Nicole, his paternity, resided with both the child and her natural mother for some five (5) years prior to his death as a family unit, contributed to their support and expressed on a number of occasions his desire that his daughter, Nicole, inherit from him.
4. Helen Robertson knew of the decedent’s acknowledgment and in fact on a number of occasions accepted Nicole and regarded her, along with other family members, as the decedent’s natural child.
Based on these findings the trial court, on July 21,1987, vacated the order of family administration. The effect of this order was to disinherit the decedent’s mother and to constitute Nicole sole heir of the estate.
Helen Robertson appeals, listing three grounds for reversal of the order of July 21, 1987.
In her first point on appeal appellant contends that Nicole cannot be “one of the natural kindred of the deceased” under section 732.108(2)(b), Florida Statutes (1985), because Linda was married to David when the child Nicole was bom. Thus Nicole cannot be described as “a person bom out of wedlock” as required by law. The statute in question provides:
For the purpose of intestate succession ... a person bom out of wedlock is ... a lineal descendant of his father and is one of the natural kindred of all members of the father’s family, if:
(b) The paternity of the father is established by an adjudication before or after the death of the father. (Emphasis added.)
There is a strong presumption that a child bom “in wedlock” is legitimate. To overcome that presumption the evidence must be clear and satisfactory and, in order to establish paternity after the death of the putative father, the evidence must be “clear, strong and unequivocal.” In re Estate of Broxton, 425 So. 2d 23 (Fla. 4th DCA 1982).
In the present case the trial court stated at the hearing on appellant’s motion for reconsideration that the evidence of the decedent’s paternity was “clear and unequivocal,” and that there was no doubt in his mind that the decedent was Nicole’s father. We agree with the lower court that the evidence was sufficient to establish the decedent’s paternity.
Appellant insists that “there does not exist under current Florida law any statute which would allow children who are presumed legitimate for all purposes to bring an action to bastardize themselves for the purpose of inheriting from a putative father.” Such actions were permitted, however, in Williams v. Estate of Long, 338 So. 2d 563 (Fla. 1st DCA 1976), and in In Re Estate of Jerrido, 339 So. 2d 237 (Fla. 4th DCA 1976), cert. denied, 346 So. 2d 1249 (Fla.1977).
In Williams, the court stated that although the children were born during the existence of a marriage between their mother and a man other than the alleged father, it could not be conclusively assumed that they were legitimate. The court noted that although there is an extremely strong presumption that children bom in wedlock are legitimate, such a presumption is rebut-table. In Jerrido, the court held that a mother could testify as to nonaccess of her husband during the period of time in which she conceived three children, where the purpose of the testimony was to establish that another man was the father of those children for heirship purposes.
Williams and Jerrido, however, although decided in 1976, interpreted not section 732.108, Florida Statutes (1985), but section 731.29, Florida Statutes (1973), which was the predecessor to section 732.-108. The earlier statute provided in relevant part that “[ejvery illegitimate child is an heir ... of the person who, in writing, signed in the presence of a competent witness, acknowledges himself to be the father.” As appellant points out, the words “out of wedlock” were not used in the earlier statute.
Appellant argues that the legislature replaced the word “illegitimate” with the words “out of wedlock,” and in so doing eliminated any cause of action to establish paternity for heirship purposes by a child bom “in” wedlock. A comparison of the two versions of the statute, however, reveals that there was not simply a substitution of certain words, but a complete rewriting of the statute. The later statute is much broader than the one it replaced, being more liberal in allowing for inheritance by an illegitimate child. Moreover, “illegitimate” is defined as “[t]hat which is contrary to law; term is usually applied to children bom out of lawful wedlock.” Black’s Law Dictionary 673 (5th ed. 1979). An “illegitimate” child and a child bom “out of wedlock,” therefore, are the same. Accordingly, we conclude that the change in the language of the statute did not eliminate the cause of action of a child bom in wedlock to establish paternity for heirship purposes.
In Vñlliams and Jerrido the court permitted children to bastardize themselves in order to inherit from the natural father, and in Broxton, 425 So. 2d at 23, the court implies that such an action is possible. In the present case, as in Broxton, the bare language of the current statute literally applied does not fit the factual situation. However, since it appears that one of the underlying purposes of the statute is to permit children to inherit from their natural fathers, we conclude that the lower court did not err in applying section 732.-108(2), although Nicole was not bom “out of wedlock.” As stated by this court in Jerrido, a statute legitimating children for inheritance purposes is to be liberally construed to effectuate its purpose. 339 So. 2d at 239.
Some time after Nicole was bom, the marriage of Linda and David was dissolved. The final judgment in that action refers to Nicole as a child bom of the marriage. In her second point on appeal appellant contends that this constitutes an adjudication as to the paternity of Nicole which estops her from now contending that the decedent was her natural father. See Decker v. Hunter, 460 So. 2d 1014 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984). See also Herout v. Lawrence, 423 So. 2d 558 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982). The feature which prevents the cases so holding from being, by analogy, determinative of the claim of Nicole is the fact that Nicole was not a party to the litigation in which the issue was determined. Therefore she is not precluded by res judicata, collateral estoppel or estoppel by judgment from seeking an adjudication of the issue of paternity in the present case. Cf. Nostrand v. Olivieri, 427 So. 2d 374 (Fla. 2d DCA 1983) (putative father of child not barred from bringing action to have himself declared father although natural mother and her former husband had previously acknowledged in dissolution proceeding that child was born of their marriage).
In her third point on appeal appellant argues that Nicole’s claim is time barred. There is ample evidence, however, that action was not earlier instigated on Nicole’s behalf because of false representations made by appellant. Moreover, in Nardone v. Reynolds, 333 So. 2d 25, 36 (Fla.1976), the supreme court stated:
The purposes of the statutes of limitations are to protect defendants against unusually long delays in filing of lawsuits and to prevent unexpected enforcement of stale claims concerning which interested persons have been thrown off guard for want of reasonable prosecution.
No such protection of appellant’s interests are warranted on the facts of this case. Thus, Nicole’s claim is not barred (as to appellant) by the statute of limitations. Appellant also contends that Nicole’s claim of heirship was barred by section 733.-702(1)(b), Florida Statutes (1985), which provides that no claim or demand against a decedent’s estate that arose before the death of the decedent is binding unless presented within three years of the decedent’s death. This argument was not raised below, so should not be considered on appeal. The argument is without merit at any rate, as Nicole’s claim of heirship is not the type of “claim” contemplated by section 733.702(1)(b).
AFFIRMED.
LETTS and GLICKSTEIN, JJ., concur.
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Achumba v. Charles L. Neustein, M.D., 793 So. 2d 1013 (Fla. 5th DCA 2001)…lineage”. Id. at 1255. The first question is whether Florida law can afford any significance to the child’s “natural lineage” where the legal father and the natural father are different. The answer appears to be “yes.” In In re Estate of Robertson, 520 So. 2d 99 (Fla. 4th DCA 1988), the court held that a person born to an intact marriage, thus having a “legal father”, may nevertheless take by intestate succession from the child’s natural father. Id. at 101-102. It is not neces [*1017] sary in such a case to…
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Dorothea Daniels v. Jonathan Greenfield, M.D., 15 So. 3d 908 (Fla. 4th DCA 2009)…in the pending wrongful death action. In a cogent dissent, Judge Griffin doubted both “the accuracy and the wisdom of the premise on which the majority opinion is based.” Id. at 1016. She looked to this court’s opinion of In re Estate of Robertson, 520 So. 2d 99 (Fla. 4th DCA 1988), in which we held that the illegitimate daugh [*912] ter of the decedent could inherit from his estate, even though her mother was married to another man at her birth. Judge Griffin argued: If Robertson is correct that the exist…
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Previewing 3 of 5 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Nardone v. Reynolds, 333 So. 2d 25 (Fla. 1976)
- Van Nostrand v. Nunzio J. Olivieri and Carol A. Olivieri, 427 So. 2d 374 (Fla. 2d DCA 1983)
- Herout v. Freeman D. Lawrence, 423 So. 2d 558 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982)
- Gerrard v. Baptist Hosp. OF Miami, Inc., 460 So. 2d 1014 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984)
- Dorfman v. Schultz, 460 So. 2d 1014 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984)
- Shadrock Williams v. Est. of J. D. Long, 338 So. 2d 563 (Fla. 1st DCA 1976)
- In re Est. of Parris Jerrido, 339 So. 2d 237 (Fla. 4th DCA 1976)
- In re Est. OF Vanchester Broxton v. Johnson, 425 So. 2d 23 (Fla. 4th DCA 1982)