KEVIN PATRICK CLAUSS, APPELLANT,
v.
FORTUNE INSURANCE COMPANY, ETC., APPELLEE
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Clauss sued his traffic accident defendant's insurer, Fortune, for bad faith failure to settle within the policy limits. The trial court granted summary judgment for Fortune, finding it tendered the policy limits timely and complied with Florida's statutory bad faith requirements. The appellate court affirmed, holding that Fortune's one-month investigation period was reasonable and its tender one day after notice of the bad faith claim satisfied statutory cure provisions.
Fortune did not violate its common law or statutory duty of good faith because the one-month period between the initial demand and notice of the bad faith claim was not excessive, Fortune expressed willingness to tender and requested reasonable verification, and Fortune tendered the policy limits one day after receiving notice of the bad faith violation—satisfying the statutory cure requirement. The court did not reach the preemption issue.
[1] An insurer may not be held liable for bad faith failure to settle if it tenders the policy limits within the statutory timeframe after receiving notice of the alleged vio…
[2] A one-month period for an insurer to verify a claim and tender policy limits is not excessive and does not rise to the level of bad faith.
Previewing 2 of 6 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“The insurer was required to investigate the facts, give fair consideration to a settlement offer that was not unreasonable under the facts, and settle, if possible, when a reasonably prudent person, faced with the prospect of paying the total recovery, would do so.”
Establishes the common law standard of care for insurers in handling settlement negotiations
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceDennis Forrester's insurer, Fortune, issued a liability policy covering bodily injury claims. After a June 22, 1985 traffic accident between Forrester…
The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.
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DANIEL, Judge.
The issue in this case is whether the trial court properly determined that Fortune Insurance Company was not liable to the appellant, Kevin Clauss, for bad faith in settling a personal injury claim. We affirm.
Fortune issued a one-year insurance policy to Dennis Forrester, providing bodily injury and property damage liability coverage. Forrester and appellant, Kevin Patrick Clauss, were involved in a traffic accident on June 22, 1985. Clauss’s attorney sent a letter to Robert Hanke, an insurance adjuster working for Fortune, on July 15, 1985, demanding that Fortune tender the limits of Forrester’s bodily injury liability coverage within 20 days.
On August 5, 1985, Clauss’s attorney wrote another letter to Hanke, demanding that Fortune tender the limits of Forrester’s policy within five days, otherwise the offer would be revoked.1 On August 7, 1985, Fortune requested medical reports from Clauss’s attorney to verify the extent of Clauss’s injury and expressed its desire to tender the policy limits after verification. By letter dated August 9, 1985, Clauss’s attorney enclosed a medical report regarding Clauss’s injuries, and Fortune was given five additional days to tender the policy limits. Clauss’s attorney sent a letter to Fortune dated August 15, 1985, revoking the offer to settle the suit for the policy limits, and stating that suit had been filed against Forrester2 and would be filed against Fortune for bad faith failure to settle; a copy of that letter was sent to the Department of Insurance.
On August 16, 1985, Fortune sent a letter to Clauss’s attorney, in which the policy limits were tendered as well as a release form. By letter dated August 21, 1985, Clauss’s attorney acknowledged receiving Fortune’s August 16, 1985, letter (allegedly postmarked August 19, 1985), but refused to accept the prior settlement offer.3 Fortune filed a complaint seeking declaratory relief as to its liability to Clauss for a lack of good faith to settle the claim and as to whether section 624.155, Florida Statutes (1985), had preempted any other remedy for a lack of good faith of an insurer to settle claims when it should have done so.
Clauss filed an answer and a counterclaim seeking damages (1) for Fortune’s alleged breach of its fiduciary duty to act fairly and honestly towards its insured, Forrester, in settling the personal injury claim; and (2) under section 624.155 for bad faith in settling the personal injury claim.
The trial court entered a final judgment, determining that section 624.155 had preempted the common law bad faith cause of action; that Fortune tendered its policy limits within 60 days of the date of the accident and was therefore in compliance with section 624.155; and that Fortune was entitled to a summary judgment as a matter of law as to all issues raised in Clauss’s counterclaim.4
Under Florida common law, it was recognized that the existence of the fiduciary relationship between the parties under the liability provisions of a policy imposed upon the insurer the obligation of exercising good faith in negotiating for and in effecting a settlement of the claim against an insured. The insurer was subject to excess liability if it acted in bad faith or through fraud. Baxter v. Royal Indemnity Company, 285 So. 2d 652, 656 (Fla. 1st DCA 1973), cert. discharged, 317 So. 2d 725 (Fla.1975).
An insurer in defending claims against an insured had a duty to use the same degree of care and diligence that a person of ordinary care and prudence should exercise in the management of his own business. Boston Old Colony Insurance Company v. Gutierrez, 386 So. 2d 783, 785 (Fla.1980).
The insurer was required to investigate the facts, give fair consideration to a settlement offer that was not unreasonable under the facts, and settle, if possible, when a reasonably prudent person, faced with the prospect of paying the total recovery, would do so. Id. at 785.
Thus, an insured could file a claim against his insurer for failing in good faith to settle a third party’s claim, since he would be exposed to liability in excess of his insurance coverage.
Moreover, it was also well established in Florida that a judgment creditor could maintain suit directly against the tortfeasor’s liability insurer for recovery of the judgment in excess of the policy limits, based on the alleged bad faith of the insurer in the conduct or the handling of the suit. See, e.g., Gutierrez; Baxter. In the present case, there were insufficient allegations of unreasonable and bad faith conduct on the part of Fortune. There was only a one-month time span between the initial demand for the policy limits and the notice of the bad-faith failure to settle. During that time, Fortune expressed its willingness to tender the policy limits, but desired verification. A one-month period to verify the claim was not excessive, and certainly does not rise to the level of bad faith, particularly when Fortune tendered the policy limits one day after the notice of the bad-faith failure to settle was sent by Clauss. Moreover, Fortune complied with the provisions of section 624.155, which provided in pertinent part:
(1) Any person may bring a civil action against an insurer when such person is damaged:
(b) By the commission of any of the following acts by the insurer:
1. Not attempting in good faith to settle claims when, under all the circumstances, it could and should have done so, had it acted fairly and honestly toward its insured and with due regard for his interests; ...
**
(2) As a condition precedent to bringing an action under this section, the department and the insurer must be given written notice of the violation. The notice shall state with specificity the facts which allegedly constitute the violation and the law which the plaintiff is relying upon and shall state that such notice is given in order to perfect the right to pursue the civil remedy authorized by this section. No action shall lie if, within 60 days thereafter, the damages are ;paid or the circumstances giving rise to the violation are corrected.
(Emphasis added.)5
The trial court properly determined that the tender of the policy limits satisfied the requirement in section 624.155(2). Clauss first sent Fortune a demand for the policy limits on July 15, 1985. On August 15, 1985, Clauss sent notice to Fortune and the Department of Insurance that he was bringing a suit for bad-faith failure to settle; on August 16, 1985, Fortune tendered the policy limits to Clauss. Fortune corrected “the circumstances giving rise to the violation” by timely tendering the policy limits. The timely tender of the policy limits corrected any possible allegations of bad faith; hence, Fortune was not liable for the excess judgment under section 624.-155.
Because of our determination that Fortune did not violate either its common law duty of good faith or its statutory duty of good faith, we do not reach the issue of whether section 624.155 has preempted the common law bad faith cause of action.
AFFIRMED.
SHARP, C.J., and DAUKSCH, J., concur. . Hanke stated that he did not receive the letter until two or more weeks later because it was incorrectly addressed. Clauss's attorney stated that Hanke told him that the letter was received on August 9, 1985.
. Clauss filed suit against Forrester on August 15, 1985. A judgment was subsequently entered in favor of Clauss in the amount of $314,000.
. Forrester filed an action seeking protection in bankruptcy; the final order in the bankruptcy court discharged Forrester from all responsibility to Clauss for any judgment in excess of the policy limits arising out of the accident. An order modifying the automatic stay in bankruptcy was rendered in the bankruptcy court, permitting Forrester to bring suit against Clauss, but not allowing the issuance of final process or the creation of a lien.
. Another final judgment was subsequently entered, in which the trial court made the same determinations as in the earlier judgment, along with a finding that Fortune had not acted in bad faith toward its insured or Clauss.
. Section 624.155(2) was amended during the 1987 legislative session. See Ch. 87-278, § 1, Laws of Fla. The department and the insurer must now receive 60-day written notice of the violation.
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Talat Enters., Inc. v. AETNA Cas. & Sur. Co., 753 So. 2d 1278 (Fla. 2000)…952 F.Supp. 773, 778 (M.D.Fla.1996). The majority of cases that have examined the civil remedy statute support Judge Glazebrook’s analysis. See Rodante v. Fidelity Nat. Ins. Co., 725 So. 2d 1151 (Fla. 2d DCA 1998); Clauss v. Fortune Insurance Co., 523 So. 2d 1177 (Fla. 5th DCA 1988). Judge Glazebrook’s construction of section 624.155(2)(d), Florida Statutes (1993), also comports with the statutory scheme of section 624.155, Florida Statute (1993), when that statute is read as a whole. A proper construction…
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Lindeerth Powell v. Prudential Prop. & Cas. Ins. Co., 584 So. 2d 12 (Fla. 3d DCA 1991)…breach of duty of good faith supported by evidence where insurer failed to respond to settlement offer for about one month even though adjuster had verified victim’s damages), rev. denied, 392 So. 2d 1373 (Fla.1980). Cf. Clauss v. Fortune Ins. Co., 523 So. 2d 1177 (Fla. 5th DCA 1988) (one-month period of delay, to verify claim, was not excessive). An insurer has a duty to advise the insured of settlement opportunities and the probable outcome of a lawsuit and to warn him of the consequences of an excess judgm…
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Berges v. Infinity Ins. Co., 896 So. 2d 665 (Fla. 2004)…Ga. 267, 416 S.E. 2d 274, 276 (1992) (“An insurance company does not act in bad faith solely because it fails to accept a settlement offer within the deadline set by the injured person’s attorney.”). For example, in Clauss v. Fortune Insurance Co., 523 So. 2d 1177 (Fla. 5th DCA 1988), the insurer expressed its intent to accept the injured party’s settlement offer upon its verification of the claim. The day after the injured party’s thirty-day deadline passed, the insurer sent a letter to his attorney tenderin…1 / 2
Previewing 3 of 16 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Boston OLD Colony Ins. Co. v. Gutierrez, 386 So. 2d 783 (Fla. 1980)
- Foy Baxter and Annie Smith Baxter v. Royal Indem. Co., 285 So. 2d 652 (Fla. 1st DCA 1973)
- Foy Baxter and Annie Smith Baxter v. Royal Indem. Co., 317 So. 2d 725 (Fla. 1975)