TOGO'S EATERY OF FLORIDA, INC., APPELLANT,
v.
VICTOR P. FROHLICH, ET UX., APPELLEES

Fla. 1st DCA | 1988-06-10
No. 87-279
SHIVERS and THOMPSON, JJ., concur.
526 So. 2d 999 Florida District Court of Appeal, First District (1988) Caution
Cited by 22 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Togo's Eatery appealed dismissal of its franchise dispute case for failure to prosecute. The court reversed, holding that an order granting a motion to abate the case operated as a stay that tolled the one-year inactivity period under Florida's dismissal rule, making the dismissal premature.


Holding

The court reversed dismissal because the trial court's order granting the motion to abate operated as an automatic stay that tolled the one-year period for computing failure to prosecute. Although the plaintiff's non-record activity was insufficient to constitute good cause under the applicable standard, the dismissal was premature because it did not account for the stay period.


Headnotes

[1] An order abating an action tolls the one-year period for failure to prosecute under Florida Rule of Civil Procedure 1.420(e).

[2] Dismissal for failure to prosecute is inappropriate when a court-ordered stay or abatement is in effect.

Previewing 2 of 5 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Key Quotes

“To abate means to suspend or to put an end to an action, while to continue an action means to postpone it to a future date.”

Establishes the legal distinction between abatement and continuation that is central to the court's analysis of whether the one-year period was tolled.

Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Facts & Procedural History

Togo's Eatery filed a complaint against the Frohlichs in February 1982 alleging franchise agreement violations. At trial on April 22, 1986, defendants…

The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.


Opinion of the Court
JOANOS, Judge.

JOANOS, Judge.

Appellant/plaintiff Togo’s Eatery of Florida, Inc., appeals an order of dismissal filed pursuant to Florida Rule of Civil Procedure 1.420(e). The questions for our review are: (1) whether the trial court erred in dismissing the matter for failure to prosecute less than one year following expiration of a period of abatement, and (2) whether sufficient non-record activity was shown to avoid dismissal. We reverse the order of dismissal, and remand with directions to reinstate the action.

On February 23,1982, appellant/plaintiff filed a complaint against the Frohlichs, appellees/defendants, alleging violations of a franchise agreement. Various pleadings ensued, and the case was set for trial on April 22, 1986. At the commencement of the hearing, counsel for the defendants moved ore tenus to abate, on the ground that Togo’s Eatery of Florida, Inc. did not exist. Appellant’s counsel responded he was unaware that Togo’s was not an active corporation, and suggested that the matter be continued to allow the corporation to be reinstated by filing annual reports with the Secretary of State.

The trial court granted the motion, and entered a written order to that effect on April 24,1986. The written order states in pertinent part that—

Defendant's motion to abate be and the same is hereby granted and the trial in this cause be and the same is hereby continued and the named Plaintiff shall have a period of thirty days in which to take such remedial action as it deems appropriate.

On March 30, 1987, the trial court issued a notice and judgment of dismissal finding that no activity or pleadings had occurred for a period of one year, and scheduling a hearing for May 4, 1987, to determine whether there was good cause to avoid dismissal. On April 27, 1987, appellant filed a response, noting, among other things, that at the scheduled final hearing on April 22, 1986, defendants made a motion to abate that the trial court granted; that the order regarding abatement was signed by the trial court on April 23, 1986, and filed on April 24, 1986; and that the time is tolled for computation purposes when an order of abatement has been entered. After a hearing on May 4,1987, the trial court issued an order confirming the previous judgment of dismissal.

A dismissal for failure to prosecute is appropriate when “it appears on the face of the record that no activity by filing of pleadings, order of court or otherwise has occurred for a period of one year ... unless a stipulation staying the action is approved by the court or a stay order has been filed or a party shows good cause in writing at least five days before the hearing ... why the action should remain pending.” Fla.R.Civ.P. 1.420(e). The one-year period specified in the rule is to be determined by calculating the time between the date of filing of the last affirmative act and the date of filing of the motion to dismiss. Konstand v. Bivens Center, Inc., 512 So. 2d 1148 (Fla. 1st DCA 1987); Ace Delivery Service, Inc. v. Pickett, 274 So. 2d 15 (Fla. 2d DCA 1973); Shalabey v. Memorial Hospital of South Broward Hospital District, 253 So. 2d 712 (Fla. 4th DCA 1971), cert. denied, 257 So. 2d 562 (Fla.1972).

Dismissal for failure to prosecute is not available in those cases in which there has been a court ordered stay or an automatic stay, as in a bankruptcy proceeding. Personalized Air Conditioning, Inc. v. C.M. Systems of Pinellas County, Inc., 522 So. 2d 465 (Fla. 4th DCA 1988); Rudolf v. Chase, 468 So. 2d 494 (Fla. 4th DCA), review denied, 479 So. 2d 117 (Fla.1985); Bowman v. Peele, 413 So. 2d 90 (Fla.2d DCA 1982); DeLuca v. Harriman, 402 So. 2d 1205 (Fla. 2d DCA 1981), review denied, 412 So. 2d 465 (Fla.1982); Lowen Air Conditioning, Inc. v. Small, 397 So. 2d 414 (Fla. 4th DCA 1981).

In language similar to the language in the dismissal order in this case, the trial court’s order in Rudolf v. Chase, expressly abated the case and removed it from the court docket until filing of a notice of appearance of another attorney for the plaintiff. The district court found the order was not one continuing the case for trial, but was an order of abatement. The court concluded that it must take the order according to its express terms. Therefore, the trial court’s order of dismissal, which had calculated the one-year period without reference to the order of abatement, was reversed.

In circumstances somewhat analogous to those which appear in the instant case, the Fifth District rejected the plaintiff’s argument that the one-year period should be extended by the time during which the proceedings were stayed. Berenyi v. Halifax Hospital Medical Center, 498 So. 2d 655 (Fla. 5th DCA 1986). In Berenyi, the court granted a 45-day stay to allow plaintiffs to obtain additional counsel. The court held that since the stay served only to prevent the defendant from proceeding during the 45-day period, plaintiffs should not be permitted to extend the one-year period when the progress of the case was completely within their control.

Unlike the situation which obtained in Berenyi, the order in this case expressly grants the defendants’/appellees’ motion to abate. To abate means to suspend or to put an end to an action,1 while to continue an action means to postpone it to a future date.2 Since the appellees moved for an abatement, and the order stated in express language that the motion for an abatement was granted, we conclude, as did the Rudolf court, that we must take the order according to its express language. Therefore, we find the trial court’s order, which calculated the one-year period without reference to the order of abatement, was entered prematurely.

The second issue raised in this appeal is directed to the showing of good cause to avoid dismissal in the face of nonrecord activity. Nonrecord activity sufficient to preclude dismissal under Rule 1.420(e) is activity that substantially furthers the prosecution of the case, and is initiated by a party or by the court in response to a party’s notice or motion that advanced the cause. Nelson v. Stonewall Insurance Company, 440 So. 2d 664 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983). The good cause which will avoid dismissal for failure to prosecute must include contact with the opposing party and some form of excusable conduct other than negligence or inattention to pleading deadlines. Norflor Construction Corporation v. City of Gainesville, 512 So. 2d 266, 267 (Fla. 1st DCA 1987), review denied, 520 So. 2d 585 (Fla.1988). In Norf-lor, the court listed three examples of non-record activity deemed insufficient to constitute good cause: (1) an attorney’s misrepresentations and erroneous assumptions, Shanley v. Allen, 346 So. 2d 548 (Fla. 1st DCA 1976); (2) misunderstandings between attorneys, Bakewell v. Shepard, 310 So. 2d 765 (Fla. 2d DCA 1975); and (3) settlement negotiations which fail to reach fruition, Appraisal Group, Inc. v. Visual Communications, Inc., 426 So. 2d 1155 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983). In addition, premature filing of a Rule 1.420(e) motion is not the record activity contemplated by the rule. Barnett Bank of East Polk County v. Fleming, 508 So. 2d 718 (Fla.1987).

This court’s decision in Norflor was released after appellant’s initial brief was filed. In the reply brief, appellant's counsel directed our attention to the Norflor decision, and with commendable candor conceded that the non-record activity in this cause does not meet the criteria set forth in Norflor. In summary, although we agree that the nonrecord activity in this case was insufficient to avoid dismissal, we conclude that the order abating the action for thirty days operated as a stay as contemplated by Rudolf v. Chase. Since the one-year period did not begin to run until the thirty day stay elapsed, this cause was prematurely dismissed. Therefore, we reverse the order of dismissal for failure to prosecute, and remand with directions to reinstate the action.

Accordingly, this cause is reversed and remanded for proceedings consistent with this opinion.

SHIVERS and THOMPSON, JJ., concur. . The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language 2 (1979); Black’s Law Dictionary 4 (5th ed. 1979).

. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language 288 (1979); Black’s Law Dictionary 291 (5th ed. 1979).


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By (11 total)

  • L.R. Caldwell, Jr. v. Mantei, 544 So. 2d 252 (Fla. 2d DCA 1989)
    …all times directed at settlement. It has been clearly established that settlement negotiations that do not reach fruition, like those here, are insufficient to establish good cause for failure to prosecute, see Togo’s Eatery of Florida v. Frohlich, 526 So. 2d 999 (Fla. 1st DCA 1988), much less, compelling cause, as required in American Eastern. See also Eisen v. Fink, 511 So. 2d 1092 (Fla. 2d DCA 1987). In summary, there was no record activity during the crucial period in the case, and the trial court’s fin…
  • Modellista de Europa (Corp.) v. Redpath Inv. Corp., 714 So. 2d 1098 (Fla. 4th DCA 1998)
    …as the functional equivalent of a thirty day abatement; (3) where a court’s order abates the action the one year period under Rule 1.420(e) is tolled. Rudolph, v. Chase, 468 So. 2d 494 (Fla. 5th DCA 1985); Togo’s Eatery of Florida, Inc. v. Frohlich, 526 So. 2d 999 (Fla. 1st DCA 1988). But Rudolph and Togo’s are clearly distinguishable because in each of them the court order expressly provided for the action to be abated. The order in this case did not so provide. It is true that appellant could not proceed wi…
  • Nebuchadnezzar Freeman and Helen Freeman v. Toney, 608 So. 2d 863 (Fla. 4th DCA 1992)
    …t “good cause requires some contact with the opposing party and some form of excusable conduct or occurrence which arose other than [*864] through negligence or inattention to pleading deadlines.” See also Togo’s Eatery of Florida, Inc. v. Frohlich, 526 So. 2d 999 (Fla. 1st DCA 1988) (good cause which will avoid dismissal for failure to prosecute must include contact with the opposing party and some form of excusable conduct other than negligence or inattention to pleading deadlines). Based upon this record,…

Previewing 3 of 11 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Authorities Cited (18 total)

View all 18 cited authorities →

Full citator, related cases, and AI research tools

Open in FLexlaw